ed being, perhaps, the tulip-tree (_Liriodendron_)
(Fig. 100, _C_), much valued for its timber. Besides this there are
several species of magnolia, the most northerly species being the
sweet-bay (_Magnolia glauca_) of the Atlantic States, and the
cucumber-tree (_M. acuminata_); the great magnolia (_M. grandiflora_)
is not hardy in the northern states.

The sweet-scented shrub (_Calycanthus_) (Fig. 100, _G_) is the only
member of the family _Calycanthaceae_ found within our limits. It grows
wild in the southern states, and is cultivated for its sweet-scented,
dull, reddish flowers.

[Illustration: FIG. 100.--Types of _Aphanocyclae_ (_Polycarpae_). _A_,
branch of papaw, _Asimina_ (_Anonaceae_), x 1/2. _B_, section of the
flower, x 1. _C_, flower and leaf of tulip-tree, _Liriodendron_
(_Magnoliaceae_), x 1/3. _D_, section of a flower, x 1/2. _E_, a ripe
fruit, x 1. _F_, diagram of the flower. _G_, flower of the
sweet-scented shrub, _Calycanthus_ (_Calycanthaceae_), x 1/2]

The barberry (_Berberis_) (Fig. 101, _A_) is the type of the family
_Berberideae_, which also includes the curious mandrake or may-apple
(_Podophyllum_) (Fig. 101, _D_), and the twin-leaf or rheumatism-root
(_Jeffersonia_), whose curious seed vessel is shown in Figure 101,
_G_. The fruit of the barberry and may-apple are edible, but the root
of the latter is poisonous.

The curious woody twiner, moon-seed (_Menispermum_) (Fig. 101, _I_),
is the sole example in the northern states of the family _Menispermeae_
to which it belongs. The flowers are dioecious, and the pistillate
flowers are succeeded by black fruits looking like grapes. The
flattened, bony seed is curiously sculptured, and has the embryo
curled up within it.

[Illustration: FIG. 101.--Types of _Aphanocyclae_ (_Polycarpae_). _A-H_,
_Berberidaceae_. _A_, flower of barberry (_Berberis_), x 2. _B_, the
same in section. _C_, a stamen, showing the method of opening, x 3.
_D_, flower of may-apple (_Podophyllum_), x 1/2. _E_, section of the
ovary of _D_, x 1. _F_, diagram of the flower. _G_, ripe fruit of
twin-leaf (_Jeffersonia_), opening by a lid, x 1/2. _H_, section of
seed, showing the embryo (_em._), x 2. _I_, young leaf and cluster of
male flowers of moon-seed, _Menispermum_ (_Menispermeae_), x 1. _J_, a
single male flower, x 2. _K_, section of a female flower, x 2. _L_,
ripe seed, x 1. _M_, section of _L_, showing the curved embryo.]

The last two families of the order, the laurel famil