the bandage of
the first-aid packet around the limb so that the compress (pad) will
press the artery against the bone. Slip under the compress and over the
artery a small stone. Pass a stick under the bandage and turn the stick
around slowly until the slack is taken up and the bleeding stops. Then
tie the stick as shown in the illustration.

[Illustration]

After the tourniquet has been in place for an hour, loosen it and if no
blood flows allow it to remain loose. If it again bleeds tighten it
quickly and loosen again at the end of an hour.

The following illustrations, show the usual places where tourniquets are
applied or where pressure can be applied to the arteries with the thumb:

[Illustration: WOUND IN SHOULDER]

[Illustration: WOUND IN ARM]

[Illustration: WOUND IN HEAD]

[Illustration: WOUND IN LEG]

BROKEN BONE (FRACTURE)

The next injury you must know is a broken bone. You will usually know
when an arm or leg is broken by the way the arm or leg is held, for the
wounded man loses control over the limb. Suppose your comrade breaks his
leg or arm. What would you do? Straighten the limb gently, pulling upon
the end of it quietly and firmly so that the two ends of the broken bone
will not overlap. Next, retain the limb in its straightened position by
such splints and other material as the boot of a carbine, a piece of
board, a piece of tin gutter. Pad the material you use. Tie it to the
broken limb as shown in the following illustrations. Never place a
bandage over the fracture. See Illustration.

[Illustration: BROKEN ARM]

[Illustration: BROKEN LEG]

[Illustration: BROKEN LEG]

DROWNING

Being under water for over four or five minutes is generally fatal,
but, unless you know the body has been submerged a long time, make an
attempt to restore life. Don't get disheartened and give up, if you see
no signs of life after a few minutes' work. Work on the body for at
least an hour.

Your comrade's lifeless body has just been pulled out of the water. What
do you do? You are alone.

1. Don't waste time in removing his clothes.

2. Reach your finger in his mouth and straighten out his tongue.

3. Lay him on his stomach; then straddle him; reach both arms under his
stomach; raise his hips two feet from the ground and jostle him. This
drains the water from the stomach and lungs.

[Illustration: PRESSURE EXERTED]

4. Lay him on his stomach; turn his head to one side so his nose and
m