a
hardships.

2. Make the conditions of the march pleasant. Encourage the men to laugh
and sing.

3. Use wagons, automobiles, etc., to carry heavy loads (burdens)
whenever possible.

4. It is a custom of the service to help a man who may not be strong
physically but who is straining every nerve to get there. Be the first
to volunteer to carry for him his rifle or part of his burden.

5. Look out especially for the feet of your men and the hoofs of your
animals.

6. On long marches one day in seven should be a day of rest and
recreation.

7. Never take an extremely hard and long (forced) march unless
imperative.

8. As a rule troops pay no compliments on the march. They have enough to
do without that.

9. Let the object to be accomplished determine the general conduct of
the march (the time of starting, the rate, length of march, halts, etc.)

SHELTER

When troops are sheltered under canvas (in tents), they are in camp.
When they are resting on the ground without tents (for instance, on the
firing line the night before or during a battle), they are in what is
called bivouac. When they occupy buildings in towns or villages, or huts
especially erected, they are in cantonment. When they are assigned to
public (such as post-offices, town halls, court houses, hotels, etc.) or
private buildings they are said to be billeted.

SELECTION OF A CAMPING GROUND

Suppose that you were sent on ahead of troops on the march to select a
camp ground for them, what big ideas should you bear in mind.

1. The ground should be large enough for the troops without crowding. In
case of rain it should be easily drained. And there should be no
stagnant water near (say, within 300 yards).

2. There should be plenty of pure water.

3. There should be good roads around.

4. Wood, grass, forage, and supplies for the men and animals must be at
hand or obtainable. Closely cropped turf with sandy or gravelly subsoil
is best.

Let us not forget that good old-fashioned guide, common sense. Men are
as human in camp as elsewhere. In hot weather shade trees are desirable.
In cold weather ground sloping to the south, with woods to break the
winds is fine.

Avoid old camp grounds, marshy ground, and places where mosquitoes are
plentiful.

ADVICE TO OFFICERS

A company of infantry is composed of three officers and one hundred and
fifty non-commissioned officers and privates. What a shame to have a
private the mental