vement; from the double-bar
(near the middle of the movement) measures 21 to 94 (_fermata_ symbol);
in this extraordinary specimen of phrase-development, the original
four-measure phrase yields seventy-four successive measures, with very
few cadences to divide it even into sections. Same sonata, last
movement, last eighteen measures.

CHAPTER VII. THE PERIOD-FORM.

PHRASE-ADDITION.--The phrase is the structural basis of all musical
composition. By this is meant, not necessarily the single phrase, but
the phrase in its collective sense.

The phrase is, after all, only a unit; and the requirements of Variety
cannot be wholly satisfied by the mere development and extension of a
single phrase, except it be for a certain limited section of the piece,
or for a brief composition in small form (like Schumann, op. 68, No. 8).

The act of _addition_ does therefore enter into the processes of
music-writing, as well as _extension_. Phrase may be added to phrase,
in order to increase the primary material, and to provide for greater
breadth of basis, and a richer fund of resources. The condition to be
respected is, that such aggregation shall not become the ruling trait,
and, by its excess, supplant the main purpose,--that of _development_.
That is, it must be held rigidly within the domain of Unity. The
student of the classic page will therefore expect to find a more or
less marked family resemblance, so to speak; prevailing throughout the
various phrases that may be associated upon that page.

Each additional phrase should be, and as a rule will be, sufficiently
"new" in some respect or other to impart renewed energy to the
movement; but--so long as it is to impress the hearer as being the same
movement--there will still remain such points of contact with the
foregoing phrase or phrases as to demonstrate its derivation from them,
its having "grown out" of them.

This process of addition (not to be confounded with the methods of
extending a single phrase, illustrated in the preceding chapter) is
exhibited first, and most naturally, in the so-called Period-form.

THE PERIOD.--The Period-form is obtained by the addition of a second
phrase to the first. It is therefore, in a sense, a double phrase;
that is, it consists of two connected phrases, covering _eight ordinary
measures_, or just double the number commonly assigned to the single
phrase.

Each one of these phrases must, of course, have its individual cade