gnized.

2. Consonant-Stems fall into several natural subdivisions, according as the
stem ends in a Mute, Liquid, Nasal, or Spirant.

_A. Mute-Stems._

30. Mute-Stems may end,--

1. In a Labial (p); as, princep-s.

2. In a Guttural (g or c); as, remex (remeg-s); dux (duc-s).

3. In a Dental (d or t); as, lapis (lapid-s); miles (milet-s).

1. STEMS IN A LABIAL MUTE (p).

31. Princeps, m., _chief_.

SINGULAR. TERMINATION.
_Nom._ princeps -s
_Gen._ principis -is
_Dat._ principi -i
_Acc._ principem -em
_Voc._ princeps -s
_Abl._ principe -e

PLURAL.
_Nom._ principes -es
_Gen._ principum -um
_Dat._ principibus -ibus
_Acc._ principes -es
_Voc._ principes -es
_Abl._ principibus -ibus

2. STEMS IN A GUTTURAL MUTE (g, c).

32. In these the termination -s of the Nominative Singular unites with the
guttural, thus producing -x.

Remex, m., _rower_. Dux, c., _leader_.
SINGULAR. PLURAL. SINGULAR. PLURAL.
_Nom._ remex remiges dux duces
_Gen._ remigis remigum ducis ducum
_Dat._ remigi remigibus duci ducibus
_Acc._ remigem remiges ducem duces
_Voc._ remex remiges dux duces
_Abl._ remige remigibus duce ducibus

3. STEMS IN A DENTAL MUTE (d, t).

33. In these the final d or t of the stem disappears in the Nominative
Singular before the ending -s.

Lapis, m., _stone_. Miles, m., _soldier_.
SINGULAR. PLURAL. SINGULAR. PLURAL.
_Nom._ lapis lapides miles milites
_Gen._ lapidis lapidum militis militum
_Dat._ lapidi lapidibus militi militibus
_Acc._ lapidem lapides militem milites
_Voc._ lapis lapides miles milites
_Abl._ lapide lapidibus milite militibus

_B. Liquid Stems._

34. These end in -l or -r.

Vigil, m., Victor, m., Aequor, n.,
_watchman_. _conqueror_. _sea_.

SINGULAR.
_Nom._ vigil victor aequor
_Gen._ vigilis victoris