ontains the same stem as in
Jov-is, Jov-i, etc.

Navis was originally a diphthong stem ending in au-, but it has passed over
to the i-stems (Sec. 37). Its ablative often ends in -i.

V. Irregular Nouns.

42. Senex, m., Caro, f., Os, n.,
_old man_. _flesh_. _bone_.

SINGULAR.
_Nom._ senex caro os
_Gen._ senis carnis ossis
_Dat._ seni carni ossi
_Acc._ senem carnem os
_Voc._ senex caro os
_Abl._ sene carne osse

PLURAL.
_Nom._ senes carnes ossa
_Gen._ senum carnium ossium
_Dat._ senibus carnibus ossibus
_Acc._ senes carnes ossa
_Voc._ senes carnes ossa
_Abl._ senibus carnibus ossibus

1. Iter, itineris, n., _way_, is inflected regularly throughout from the
stem itiner-.

2. Supellex, supellectilis, f., _furniture_, is confined to the Singular.
The oblique cases are formed from the stem supellectil-. The ablative has
both -i and -e.

3. Jecur, n., _liver_, forms its oblique cases from two stems,--jecor- and
jecinor-. Thus, Gen. jecoris or jecinoris.

4. Femur, n., _thigh_, usually forms its oblique cases from the stem
femor-, but sometimes from the stem femin-. Thus, Gen. femoris or feminis.

General Principles of Gender in the Third Declension.

43. 1. Nouns in -o, -or, -os, -er, -es are Masculine.

2. Nouns in -as, -es, -is, -ys, -x, -s (preceded by a consonant); -do, -go
(Genitive -inis); -io (abstract and collective), -us (Genitive -atis or
-udis) are Feminine.

3. Nouns ending in -a, -e, -i, -y, -o, -l, -n, -t, -ar, -ur, -us are
Neuter.

Chief Exceptions to Gender in the Third Declension.

44. Exceptions to the Rule for Masculines.

1. Nouns in -o.

a. Feminine: caro, _flesh_.

2. Nouns in -or.

a. Feminine: arbor, _tree_.

b. Neuter: aequor, _sea_; cor, _heart_; marmor, _marble_.

3. Nouns in -os.

a. Feminine: dos, _dowry_.

b. Neuter: os (oris), _mouth_.

4. Nouns in -er.

a. Feminine: linter, _skiff_.

b. Neuter: cadaver, _corpse_; iter, _way_; tuber, _tumor_; uber, _udder_.
Also botanical names in -er; as, acer, _maple_.

5. Nouns in -es.

a. Feminine: seges, _crop_.

45. Exceptions to the Rule for Femini