e present country
of Mexico--who, according to Humboldt (_New Spain_, Black's trans.,
London, 1811, i, p. 133), came to that country about 1170. See also
G.P. Winship's _Coronado Expedition_ (Washington, 1896), p. 524.

[8] A Malayan tribe, living in the provinces of Abra and Ilocos,
in Luzon. See Sawyer's account of them, in his _Inhabitants of
Philippines_ (N.Y., 1900), pp. 275-280.

[9] The residencia is a Spanish institution, dating as far back as
the fourteenth century, although its beginnings may be traced to
the Visigothic codes. It required a judge or a governor, at the
end of a term of office, to reside for a certain time (usually
thirty or fifty days) at the chief place where he had exercised
his functions. During that time, complaints of his conduct might be
made by any person aggrieved, before an official appointed for that
purpose. The residencia was a prominent feature of Spanish colonial
administration. See Helps's _Spanish Conquest in America_, iii,
ch. iii, for an account of this institution.

[10] "In fortification, a work of extraordinary height, overlooking the
surrounding parts as a horseman overlooks foot-soldiers." (Webster's
_Dictionary_.)

[11] This decree may be found in _Recopilacion de leyes Indias_,
lib. iv, tit. iii, ley xix. It seems to have been a general regulation,
applied to any colonial possession as need might arise.

[12] Crawfurd says, in his _Dictionary of the Indian Islands_ (London,
1856), p. 144: "In the language of the Bugis, whose country produces
gold, we find a native word, _ulawang_, and this is again the case
in the languages of the Tagalas of the Philippines, where we have
the indigenous name _balituk_; while in the language of the volcanic
Bisaya Islands we find the word _bulawang_, most probably a corruption
of the Bugis word."

[13] There is some mistake in this calculation; for the Chinese tael is
equivalent to 1.1334 ounces, and the Spanish onza to 1.0161 ounces, in
English or U.S. avoirdupois. The mace is one-tenth of the tael. 8 onzas
= 1 marco; 2 marcos = 1 libra = 1.016097 U.S. pounds. The equivalent
of one libra, then, would be nearly 12 taels and 2 mace. By _texuela_
is apparently meant the sheet gold previously mentioned.

[14] In New Spain, the hot and fertile regions along the coast,
having an elevation of seldom more than 1,000 feet, are called
_Tierras calientes_ ("regions of heat"). On the declivity of the
Cordilleras, at an elevation of 4,000 t