des _disposition_, or the tendency toward action, as appears in the
phrase "to have a _mind_ to work." As the seat of mental activity,
_brain_ (colloquially _brains_) is often used as a synonym for _mind_,
_intellect_, _intelligence_. _Thought_, the act, process, or power of
thinking, is often used to denote the thinking faculty, and especially
the _reason_. The _instinct_ of animals is now held by many philosophers
to be of the same nature as the _intellect_ of man, but inferior and
limited; yet the apparent difference is very great.

An _instinct_ is a propensity prior to experience and independent of
instruction.

PALEY _Natural Philosophy_ ch. 18.

In this sense we speak of human _instincts_, thus denoting tendencies
independent of reasoning or instruction. The _soul_ includes the
_intellect_, sensibilities, and will; beyond what is expressed by the
word _mind_, the _soul_ denotes especially the moral, the immortal
nature; we say of a dead body, the _soul_ (not the _mind_) has fled.
_Spirit_ is used especially in contradistinction from matter; it may in
many cases be substituted for _soul_, but _soul_ has commonly a fuller
and more determinate meaning; we can conceive of _spirits_ as having no
moral nature; the fairies, elves, and brownies of mythology might be
termed _spirits_, but not _souls_. In the figurative sense, _spirit_
denotes animation, excitability, perhaps impatience; as, a lad of
_spirit_; he sang with _spirit_; he replied with _spirit_. _Soul_
denotes energy and depth of feeling, as when we speak of soulful eyes;
or it may denote the very life of anything; as, "the hidden _soul_ of
harmony," MILTON _L'Allegro_ l. 144. _Sense_ may be an antonym of
_intellect_, as when we speak of the _sense_ of hearing; but _sense_ is
used also as denoting clear mental action, good judgment, acumen; as, he
is a man of _sense_, or, he showed good _sense_; _sense_, even in its
material signification, must be reckoned among the activities of _mind_,
tho dependent on bodily functions; the _mind_, not the eye, really sees;
the _mind_, not the ear, really hears. _Consciousness_ includes all that
a sentient being perceives, knows, thinks, or feels, from whatever
source arising and of whatever character, kind, or degree, whether with
or without distinct thinking, feeling, or willing; we speak of the
_consciousness_ of the brute, of the savage, or of the sage. The
_intellect_ is tha