y and naval authorities thereof, would
recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons. This
guarantee has been rendered especially obligatory and sacred
by the amendment of the Constitution abolishing slavery
throughout the United States. I, therefore, fully recognize
the obligation to protect and defend that class of our
people whenever and wherever it shall become necessary, and
to the full extent compatible with the Constitution of the
United States.

"Entertaining these sentiments, it only remains for me to
say that I will cheerfully cooeperate with Congress in any
measure that may be necessary for the protection of the
civil rights of the freedmen, as well as those of all other
classes of persons throughout the United States, by judicial
process under equal and impartial laws, in conformity with
the provisions of the Federal Constitution.

"I now return the bill to the Senate, and regret that, in
considering the bills and joint resolutions--forty-two in
number--which have been thus far submitted for my approval,
I am compelled to withhold my assent from a second measure
that has received the sanction of both houses of Congress.

"ANDREW JOHNSON.

"WASHINGTON, D. C., _March_ 27, 1866."

The death and funeral obsequies of Senator Foot prevented the Senate
from proceeding to the consideration of the President's veto message
for more than a week after it was read. On the 4th of April the Civil
Rights Bill came up to be reconsidered, the question being, "Shall the
bill pass, the objections of the President notwithstanding."

It devolved upon Mr. Trumbull, the author of the bill, to answer the
objections of the President. In answer to the President's position
that the bill conferred only Federal citizenship, and did not give any
_status_ as citizens of States, Mr. Trumbull said: "Is it true that
when a person becomes a citizen of the United States he is not also a
citizen of every State where he may happen to be? On this point I will
refer to a decision pronounced by the Supreme Court of the United
States, delivered by Chief-Justice Marshall, the most eminent jurist
who ever sat upon an American bench. In the case of Gassies _vs._
Ballon, reported in 6 Peters, the Chief-Justice, in delivering the
opinion of the court, says:

"'The defendant in error is all