incipal differences between cows' milk and mothers' milk?
Cows' milk contains a little more than half as much sugar. It contains
nearly three times as much proteids (curds) and salts, and the proteids
are different and much harder to digest. The reaction is decidedly acid,
while the mother's milk is faintly acid or neutral.

Any other things of importance to consider? Yes; mothers' milk is always
fed fresh and sterile, while cows' milk is always more or less
contaminated by dust or germs which increase rapidly with the age of the
milk in proportion to the amount of dirt in it and with any increase of
temperature at which the milk is kept. So pasteurization and sterilization
are done to destroy the effect of germs.

How can the acidity of cows' milk be overcome? By adding lime-water or
bicarbonate of soda.

How much lime-water should be used? About one ounce to twenty ounces of
food.

How much bicarbonate of soda? About twenty grains to twenty ounces of food.

Suppose there is a tendency to constipation in the infant? You can then
use Phillip's milk of magnesia, or some other good preparation, adding
one-half to one teaspoonful to each twenty ounces of food.

How can the sugar be increased? By adding milk or granulated sugar to the
cows' milk.

[578 MOTHERS' REMEDIES]

How much milk sugar is added to twenty ounces of food? About one ounce
will do for the first three or four months. This makes it between six and
seven per cent sugar.

How should you prepare the sugar? Dissolve it in boiled water and strain
if there is a deposit after standing, by pouring it through a layer of
absorbent cotton one-half inch thick placed in an ordinary funnel.

Is not granulated (cane) sugar recommended also? Yes; but all infants
cannot use it. It is cheaper, but a good article of milk sugar should be
bought. It costs from twenty to sixty cents per pound. The cheap variety
contains many impurities.

But if cane sugar is used, how much is needed? Usually about one-half or a
little over one-half as much as milk sugar, or about one half ounce to
twenty ounces of food.

What occurs if too much is used? The sugar is likely to ferment in baby's
stomach and cause colic. The milk is made too sweet.

If you continue to overfeed granulated sugar, what happens? Gas, colic,
restlessness, uneasiness, lining of the bowels becomes reddened and
irritated; the redness shows externally around the rectum, and in severe
cases around the hips.