early Mission days by the padres.

[Illustration: FACHADA OF THE RUINED MISSION OF SAN DIEGO]

[Illustration: OLD MISSION OF SAN DIEGO AND SISTERS SCHOOL FOR INDIAN
CHILDREN]

[Illustration: MAIN ENTRANCE ARCH AT MISSION SAN DIEGO.]

[Illustration: THE TOWER AT MISSION SAN CARLOS BORROMEO]

CHAPTER X

SAN CARLOS BORROMEO

A brief account of the founding of San Carlos at Monterey, June 3, 1770,
was given in an earlier chapter. What joy the discovery of the harbor
and founding of the Mission caused in Mexico and Spain can be understood
when it is remembered that for two centuries this thing had been
desired. In the Mexican city the bells of the Cathedral rang forth merry
peals as on special festival days, and a solemn mass of thanksgiving was
held, at which all the city officials and dignitaries were present. A
full account of the event was printed and distributed there and in
Spain, so that, for a time at least, California occupied a large share
of public attention.

The result of the news of the founding of San Carlos was that all were
enthused for further extension of the Missions. The indefatigable Galvez
at once determined that five new Missions should be founded, and the
Guardian of the Franciscan College was asked for, and agreed to send,
ten more missionaries for the new establishments, as well as twenty for
the old and new Missions on the peninsula.

At the end of the year 1773 Serra made his report to Mexico, and then
it was found that there were more converts at San Carlos than at any
other Mission. Three Spanish soldiers had married native women.

A little later, as the mud roofs were not successful in keeping out the
winter rains, a new church was built, partly of rough and partly of
worked lumber, and roofed with tules. The lumber used was the pine and
cypress for which the region is still noted.

There was little agriculture, only five fanegas of wheat being harvested
in 1772. Each Mission received eighteen head of horned cattle at its
founding, and San Carlos reported a healthy increase.

In 1772 Serra left for Mexico, to lay matters from the missionary
standpoint before the new viceroy, Bucareli. He arrived in the city of
Mexico in February, 1773. With resistless energy and eloquence he
pleaded for the preservation of the shipyard of San Blas, the removal of
Fages, the correction of certain abuses that had arisen as the result of
Fages's actions, and for further funds, soldiers, etc., to