tion, shyness and fervor implied in the Latin words as
uttered by Vedia.

F. OPTIONES

Private soldiers chosen by their centurions as informal assistant-
centurions; to take their superior's place if he fell in battle, or was
disabled or ill, and to assist him with his routine duties. They
correspond more or less to the corporals of modern armies. (See also NOTE
D.)

G. SPINA

The stone wall, platform, or long narrow structure down the middle of the
arena of a Roman circus, dividing its race-course into half laps. Along it
the teams tore at top speed, for the short turns about its rounded ends
their drivers reined them in. The spina was about 660 feet long. It varied
from a low wall to a gorgeous and complicated series of structures.

H. ERGASTULUM

A hard-labor prison, whether belonging to a private person, company or
municipality, usually below ground-level, for criminal, dangerous,
unmanageable or runaway slaves.

J. COMMODUS AS AN ATHLETE

Even more than Babe Ruth at baseball Commodus was a wonder at beast-
killing in the amphitheater. Dio Cassius, who, being a senator, looked on
from a front seat, says (LXXII, 18.) that he killed a hundred bears in one
day. Herodian, who grew up with men who had known Commodus and had been
spectators of his prowess, says (I; 15; 3, 4, 5, 6.) that when he speared
lions and leopards no one saw a second javelin cast nor any wound not
fatal, that he sent his dart at will through the forehead or the heart of
an animal rushing at top speed and that his missile never struck any part
of a beast except so as both to wound and kill. Hurling his javelins from
a distance he killed a hundred lions let out of the crypts of the
Colosseum with precisely the same number of spear-casts, no dart missing
its mark.

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