m McKinley, spoke at
Chautauqua in 1902, also Mrs. Pennybacker of Texas, Dr. A. E. Dunning of
Boston, editor of the _Congregationalist_, General John C. Black of
Pennsylvania, Dr. Earl Barnes, Prof. Charles Zeublin, Dr. W. F. Oldham
of India, afterward a Bishop, and the ever-welcome Frank Beard who had
been absent for a number of years.

Chautauqua has always believed in the open and free discussion of vexed
questions, and this year from August 4th to August 8th was held a most
interesting conference on "The Labor Movement." The introductory address
opening the subject was given by the Hon. Carroll D. Wright, U. S.
Commissioner of Labor. Supplementary lectures, followed by discussion,
were by President Harper on "The University and Industrial Education";
Mr. Frank P. Sargent, "Growth and Influence of Labor Organizations"; Mr.
John Mitchell, "The Joint Conference between Employer and Employee." On
both sides there was the frankest expression of opinion. I remember that
when one speaker was asked whether he was an actual worker or a
professional agitator, without a word he held out his hands that all
might see they were the hands of a working-man.

This year was notable in the Department of Music, by the entrance of
Mr. Alfred Hallam as Director. His whole-hearted, absolutely
self-forgetting labor, and his reach after the highest standards in his
art, from 1902 to 1919, made Mr. Hallam dear not only to his choir, but
to all Chautauquans.

The year 1903 was the twenty-fifth anniversary of the founding of the C.
L. S. C. in 1878. That event in popular education was commemorated by a
great meeting in the Amphitheater and the laying of the corner stone of
a new Hall of Philosophy on the site of the old hall, which, being a
wooden building, was decaying. The Class of 1882 planted some ivy
brought from the Palatine Hill in Rome, other classes planted oak and
pine trees. A sealed box, containing portraits of the Founders and
copies of Chautauqua publications, was placed in the corner stone, which
was then lowered into place and made secure with mortar, the trowel
being handled in turn by Dr. George Vincent and Director Scott Brown. As
the stone was put in place, a cablegram was read from Bishop Vincent at
Helsingfors, Finland--"Remember the foundation is Christ." Vincent.

This year, 1903, the Arts and Crafts shops, which had been in various
places over the ground, were brought together by the director, Henry
Turner Bailey,