red him with a tree pulled up from the
root, the boughs of which had been torn from it), and in token of his
success assumed the Ragged Staff. You will thus see that the origins
of the two were different, which would render the bearing of them
separately not unlikely, and you will likewise infer that both came
through the Beauchamps. I do not find the Ragged Staff ever attributed
to the Neviles before the match with Beauchamp.

"As regards the crest or cognizance of Nevile, the Pied Bull has been
the cognizance of that family from a very early time, and the Bull's
head, its crest, and both the one and the other may have been used by
the king-maker, and by his brother, the Marquis Montagu; the said Bull
appears at the feet of Richard Nevile in the Rous Roll, accompanied by
the Eagle of Monthermer; the crests on either side of him are those of
Montagu and Nevile. Besides these two crests, both of which the Marquis
Montagu may have used, he certainly did use the Gryphon, issuant out
of a ducal coronet, as this appears alone for his crest, on his garter
plate, as a crest for Montagu, he having given the arms of that family
precedence over his paternal coat of Nevile; the king-maker, likewise,
upon his seal, gives the precedence to Montagu and Monthermer, and they
alone appear upon his shield."

II. Hume, Rapin, and Carte, all dismiss the story of Edward's actual
imprisonment at Middleham, while Lingard, Sharon Turner, and others,
adopt it implicitly. And yet, though Lingard has successfully grappled
with some of Hume's objections, he has left others wholly unanswered.
Hume states that no such fact is mentioned in Edward's subsequent
proclamation against Clarence and Warwick. Lingard answers, after
correcting an immaterial error in Hume's dates, "that the proclamation
ought not to have mentioned it, because it was confined to the
enumeration of offences only committed after the general amnesty in
1469;" and then, surely with some inconsistency, quotes the attainder
of Clarence many years afterwards, in which the king enumerates it among
his offences, "as jeopardyng the king's royal estate, person, and
life, in strait warde, putting him thereby from all his libertye
after procuring great commotions." But it is clear that if the amnesty
hindered Edward from charging Warwick with this imprisonment only
one year after it was granted, it would, a fortiori, hinder him from
charging Clarence with it nine years after. Most probab