a hogshead, and rolled into the river, because he stood up
for the Union! Memphis was a hotbed of secessionists; it was almost as
bad as Charleston.

A Memphis newspaper, of the 6th of May, said:--

"Tennessee is disenthralled at last. Freedom has again
crowned her with a fresh and fadeless wreath. She will do her
entire duty. Great sacrifices are demanded of her, and they
will be cheerfully made. Her blood and treasure are offered
without stint at the shrine of Southern freedom. She counts
not the cost at which independence may be bought. The gallant
volunteer State of the South, her brave sons, now rushing to
the standard of the Southern Confederacy, will sustain, by
their unflinching valor and deathless devotion, her ancient
renown achieved on so many battle-fields.

"In fact, our entire people--men, women, and children--have
engaged in this fight, and are animated by the single heroic
and indomitable resolve to perish rather than submit to the
despicable invader now threatening us with subjugation. They
will ratify the ordinance of secession amid the smoke and
carnage of battle; they will write out their indorsement of
it with the blood of their foe; they will enforce it at the
point of the bayonet and sword.

"Welcome, thrice welcome, glorious Tennessee, to the thriving
family of Southern Confederate States!"[27]

[Footnote 27: Memphis Avalanche.]

On the same day the citizens of Memphis tore down the Stars and Stripes
from its staff upon the Court-House, formed a procession, and with a
band of music bore the flag, like a corpse, to a pit, and buried it in
mock solemnity. They went into the public square, where stands the
statue of General Jackson, and chiselled from its pedestal his memorable
words: "The Federal Union,--it must be preserved." They went to the
river-bank, and seized all the steamboats they could lay their hands
upon belonging to Northern men.

They resolved to build a fleet of gunboats, which would ascend the river
to St. Louis, Cincinnati, and Pittsburg, and compel the people of those
cities to pay tribute, for the privilege of navigating the river to the
Gulf.

The entire population engaged in the enterprise. The ladies held fairs
and gave their jewelry. The citizens organized themselves into a gunboat
association. When the boats were launched, the ladies, with appropriate
ceremonies, dedicated them to the