104, 207;
de Guichen seeks to retake, 142;
mentioned, 105, 106, 128, 141, 144, 148, 165, 167, 168, 206.

Saratoga, surrender of Burgoyne at, why decisive, 3, 6;
capitulation there, determined by Arnold's defence of Lake
Champlain, 3, 7, 13, 14, 25;
Burgoyne's surrender at, 28, 50-53.

Saumarez, James (afterwards Lord de), British naval officer,
midshipman at attack upon Fort Moultrie, 1776, 35, 38;
lieutenant at the battle of the Dogger Bank, 1781, 192 (note);
captain in West Indies, 1782, 196;
biographical summary of, 196 (note);
in Rodney's victory, 1782, 218, 221.

Savannah, capture of, by British, 1778, 113;
disastrous effect of operations thus initiated upon the British
position in America, 114, 115, 151-153, 175-178, 184;
failure of d'Estaing's attempt to retake, 115, 151.

Schuyler, Philip, American General, commanding Northern
Department, 1776; quoted, 12.

Seasons, effect of, upon naval operations, 98, 113, 115, 145, 149,
159, 251.

Spain, induced to enter the war, 1779, 3, 116;
cruise of fleet of, in conjunction with French, 1779, 116-121;
divergence of views between France and, 120, 121, 147, 158, 186;
two squadrons of, dispersed or destroyed by Rodney, 122-126;
inefficiency of navy of, 125, 126, 147, 158, 187-189;
fruitless cruise of fleet of, in conjunction with French, 1781,
188, 189;
projected conquest of Jamaica, 206.

St. Eustatius, Dutch West India Island, capture of, by British,
1781, 160-162;
a great trade centre in the war, prior to capture, 160.

St. Kitts, British West India Island, attacked by French, 1782, 196;
naval operations of Hood and de Grasse about, 196-205;
capitulates to French, owing to lack of British land force, 205.

St. Lawrence, River, the centre of French power in Canada, 7;
strength of, as a military line, 7, 8; as a naval line of
communications, closed by ice, 10, 11, but at other
seasons controlling, 11, 12;
relations, to the decisive naval campaign on Lake Champlain,
1776, 15-17, 25-26.

Ticonderoga, strong post at head of Lake Champlain, 8, 9, 13, 18,
20, 27, 28, 46, 50;
saved from capture in 1775, and 1776, by Arnold's naval action
on Lake Champlain, 9, 13, 25;
taken by British, 1777, but reoccupied by Americans after