honor to a well established publisher, or to
academies of large means.

THE POPE

Should so much be said of Rome without remembering the Pope, who had, at
least indirectly, conferred many, many benefits upon Winckelmann?
Winckelmann's sojourn in Rome fell for the most part under the
government of Benedict XIV. Lambertini, a gay and easy-going man, who
preferred letting others rule to ruling, himself; and so the different
positions which Winckelmann filled may have come to him rather through
the favor of his exalted friends than through the appreciation of his
services by the Pope.

Nevertheless, we find him on one important occasion in the presence of
the Head of the Church; he was honored by being allowed to read several
passages of the _Monumenti Inediti_ to the Pope, thus achieving also,
along this line, the highest honor which an author could receive.

CHARACTER

In the case of very many men, especially in the case of scholars, their
achievements seem the important thing, and in these their character
finds little expression. With Winckelmann the reverse was the case. All
that he produced is principally important and valuable because his
character is always revealed in it. As we have already expressed certain
generalities concerning his character under the headings, The Antique,
Paganism, Friendship, and Beauty, the more detailed account deserves a
place here, near the end of our essay.

Winckelmann was in all respects a character who was honest with himself
and with others. His native love of truth constantly developed, the more
independent and unhampered he felt, until he finally considered the
polite indulgence of errors traditional in life and in literature to be
a crime.

Such a nature could comfortably withdraw into itself; vet even here we
discover in him the ancient characteristic of always being occupied with
himself, but without really observing himself. He thinks only of
himself, not about himself; his mind is occupied with what he has before
him; he is interested in his whole being, in its entire compass, and he
cherishes the belief that his friends are likewise interested therein.
We, therefore, find everything mentioned in his letters, from the
highest moral to the most common physical need; indeed he directly
states that he preferred to be entertained with personal trifles rather
than with important affairs. At the same time he remains a complete
riddle to himself, and even expresses astonishm