the Lacedaemonians and Athenians arose
out of this expedition. The Lacedaemonians, when assault failed to take
the place, apprehensive of the enterprising and revolutionary character
of the Athenians, and further looking upon them as of alien extraction,
began to fear that, if they remained, they might be tempted by the
besieged in Ithome to attempt some political changes. They accordingly
dismissed them alone of the allies, without declaring their suspicions,
but merely saying that they had now no need of them. But the Athenians,
aware that their dismissal did not proceed from the more honourable
reason of the two, but from suspicions which had been conceived, went
away deeply offended, and conscious of having done nothing to merit such
treatment from the Lacedaemonians; and the instant that they returned
home they broke off the alliance which had been made against the Mede,
and allied themselves with Sparta's enemy Argos; each of the contracting
parties taking the same oaths and making the same alliance with the
Thessalians.

Meanwhile the rebels in Ithome, unable to prolong further a ten years'
resistance, surrendered to Lacedaemon; the conditions being that they
should depart from Peloponnese under safe conduct, and should never set
foot in it again: any one who might hereafter be found there was to be
the slave of his captor. It must be known that the Lacedaemonians had
an old oracle from Delphi, to the effect that they should let go the
suppliant of Zeus at Ithome. So they went forth with their children and
their wives, and being received by Athens from the hatred that she now
felt for the Lacedaemonians, were located at Naupactus, which she had
lately taken from the Ozolian Locrians. The Athenians received
another addition to their confederacy in the Megarians; who left the
Lacedaemonian alliance, annoyed by a war about boundaries forced on
them by Corinth. The Athenians occupied Megara and Pegae, and built the
Megarians their long walls from the city to Nisaea, in which they placed
an Athenian garrison. This was the principal cause of the Corinthians
conceiving such a deadly hatred against Athens.

Meanwhile Inaros, son of Psammetichus, a Libyan king of the Libyans on
the Egyptian border, having his headquarters at Marea, the town
above Pharos, caused a revolt of almost the whole of Egypt from King
Artaxerxes and, placing himself at its head, invited the Athenians to
his assistance. Abandoning a Cyprian expedit