reach a point where they can
see the target or objective their artillery opens fire and is
corrected by the graphic evolutions of the aeroplane. If the shells
drop too far to the left, the aeroplane turns to the right and the
distance in profile that it travels before straightening out is the
correction. They say, "Shoot short" by dipping and "Shoot farther" by
rising.

I have no knowledge of aeroplanes being used at night, although they
sometimes return from daylight operations after night has fallen and
make their landing with the assistance of beacons. It is commonly
reported both by Germans and French that the steel darts used by the
French aviators are the most effective offensive weapon so far used by
aeroplanes. I have no personal knowledge on this subject. I have been
several times informed upon reliable authority that the French have no
particular instruments of precision for use in the dropping of bombs.

At the commencement of hostilities the French aviators feared their
own armies much more than they did the Germans, because the French had
neglected to familiarize their troops with the designs of hostile
aircraft.

It was proved to be nearly impossible to force a fight with your
enemy's aeroplane, even if he is far within your own territory. If
your own aeroplanes are on the ground it takes them entirely too long
to get to his altitude, and if he wishes to stay in the same
neighborhood he himself keeps going higher as your aeroplanes mount
toward him. There seems to be no difficulty encountered in avoiding
aeroplanes already in the air, since they are usually visible at great
distances.

Anti-aircraft guns are generally mounted on automobile trucks, and are
usually of small calibre. I have never seen any German aeroplanes
other than monoplanes; these I have seen on ten or more occasions.

I saw no aeroplanes which carried other arms than rifles and automatic
pistols.

In practice I have nowhere observed machine-guns mounted on
aeroplanes, although they are much advertised and talked about.

I have frequently heard, upon what I consider reliable authority, that
the Germans use captive balloons for observations.

ARTILLERY

I have at all times been tremendously impressed with the dominant
importance in this war of artillery. My personal observations lead me
to estimate that the percentage of casualties from artillery wounds
has been nearly 50% of the total.

There are very distinct differences