from behind." In 1724 Hugh Jones wrote, "The tobacco is rolled,
drawn by horses, or carted to convenient Rolling Houses, whence it is
conveyed on board the ships in flats or sloops." Thus it appears that
by 1700 the Tidewater planters had adopted three methods of
transporting their tobacco to market or to points of exportation: by
rolling the hogshead, by cart, and by boat.

By the middle of the eighteenth century planters in the Piedmont were
rolling their tobacco to the distant Tidewater markets, whereas the
Tidewater planter usually hauled his tobacco by wagon. Rolling tobacco
more than 100 miles was not out of the ordinary. The ingenious upland
planters placed some extra hickory hoops around the hogshead, attached
two hickory limbs for shafts, by driving pegs into the headings, and
hitched a horse or oxen to it. This method worked quite well except
that the tobacco was frequently damaged by the mud, water, or sand. To
prevent this, the hogshead was raised off the ground by a device called
a felly. This device consisted of segments of wood fitted together to
form a circle resembling the rim of a cartwheel; these segments were
fitted around the circumference of the hogshead. The hogsheads used for
rolling in this manner were constructed much more substantially than
those wagoned or transported by boat.

For the river trade the Piedmont planter once again relied upon his
ingenuity. Around 1740 a rather unique water carrier was perfected by
the Reverend Robert Rose, then living in Albemarle County. Two canoes
fifty or sixty feet long were lashed together with cords and eight or
nine hogsheads of tobacco were rolled on their gunwales crossways for
the trip to Richmond. This came to be known as the "Rose method." For
the return trip the canoes were separated and two men with poles could
travel twice the distance in a day as four good oarsmen could propel a
boat capable of carrying the same burden. Before 1795 boats coming down
the James River from the back country landed at Westham, located just
above the falls, and the tobacco was then carried into Richmond by
wagon. There is the story of one planter who forgot to land his canoes
at Westham. It seems that he left his plantation on the upper James
with a load of tobacco and a jug full of whiskey. By the time he
reached Westham the planter had consumed too much of the whiskey, and
forgot to land at Westham. He rode his canoes, tobacco and all, over
the Falls. Shortly ther