the dead silence that followed.

After a long minute, Stanton said: "What about atomic energy?"

"At least two million years ago," Yoritomo said. "I do not think they
have had the interstellar drive more than some fifty thousand years."

"No wonder our pet Nipe is so patient," Stanton said with a touch of awe
in his voice. "How long do you suppose their individual life-span is?"

"Not so long, in comparison," said Yoritomo. "Perhaps no longer than our
own at the least, or perhaps as much as five hundred years. Considering
the tremendous handicaps against them, they have done quite well, I
think. Quite well, indeed, for a race of illiterate cannibals."

"How's that again?" Stanton realized that the scientist was quite
serious.

"Hadn't it occurred to you, my friend, that they must be cannibals?"
Yoritomo asked. "And that they must be very nearly illiterate?"

"No," Stanton admitted, "it hadn't."

"The Nipe, like man, is omnivorous," Yoritomo pointed out.
"Specialization tends to lead any race up a blind alley, and dietary
restrictions are a particularly pernicious form of specialization. A
lion would starve to death in a wheat field. A horse would perish in a
butcher shop full of steaks. A man will survive as long as there is
something around to eat--even if it's another man."

Yoritomo picked up his pipe and began tapping the ashes out of it.
"Also," he went on, "we must remember that Man, early in his career of
becoming top dog on Earth, began using a method of removing the unfit.
Ritual traces of it remain today in some societies--the Jewish Bar
Mitzvah, for instance, or the Christian Confirmation. Before and
immediately after the Holocaust, there were still primitive societies on
Earth--in New Guinea, for instance--which still made a rather hard
ordeal out of the Rite of Passage, the ceremony whereby a boy becomes a
man--if he passes the tests."

Yoritomo was filling his pipe, a look of somber satisfaction on his lean
face. "A few millennia ago, a boy who underwent those tests was killed
outright if he failed. And was eaten. He had not shown the ability to
overrule with reason his animal instincts. Therefore, he was not a human
being, but an animal. What better use for a young and succulent animal
than to provide meat for the common larder?"

"And you think the same process must have been used by the Nipes?"
Stanton asked.

Yoritomo nodded vigorously as he applied a match flame to the tobacco in
his pi