irst man to use weapons in fighting.

_Just wars_. There are three cases in which these natives regard war
as just. The first is when an Indian goes to another village and is
there put to death without cause; the second, when their wives are
stolen from them; and the third is when they go in friendly manner to
trade at any village, and there, under the appearance of friendship,
are wronged or maltreated.

_Laws_. They say that the laws by which they have thus far been
governed were left to them by Lubluban, the woman whom we have already
mentioned. Of these laws only the chiefs are defenders and executors
There are no judges, although there are mediators who go from one
party to another to bring about a reconciliation.

Chapter Ninth

_Which treats of slavery in the Filipinas Islands_

_Laws of slavery_. No Indian in this country is made a slave or is
put to death for any crime which he commits, even if it be theft,
adultery, or murder--except that for each crime there is an established
fine, which they have to pay in jewels or gold, and if the culprit is
unable to pay the fine he will borrow the money, and pledge himself
to the man from whom he borrows. As a result he becomes a slave,
until he shall repay what was lent to him; after that, he is free
again. Therefore, according to the crime committed, they are slaves;
and there are three classes of slaves in these islands. The first,
and the most thoroughly enslaved, is the bondman of him who is served
in his own dwelling; such a slave they call _ayuey_. These slaves
work three days for the master, and one for themselves.

_Kinds of slavery_. Another class of slaves are those called
_tumaranpoc_. They live in their own houses, and are obliged to go
to work for their master one day out of four, having the three days
for themselves. If they fail to work for their master, in order
to cultivate their own fields, they give the master each year ten
_chicubites_ of rice, each chicubite being equal to one fanega.

There are other slaves, whom these people hold in most respect, who
are called _tomatabans_; these work in the house of the master only
when there is some banquet or revel. On such occasions they bring
small gifts, and share in the drinking. But when one of these slaves
dies, the property left by the slave is shared with his children by
the master. During their lifetime, these slaves are bound to work
for their master five days in a month; or, if the