on of the crowd: the retiring President, Hayes;
the incoming President, Garfield; the Chief-Justice who administered the
oath, Waite; the general commanding the army, William T. Sherman; the
ex-Secretary of the Treasury, John Sherman; and "the Marshal Ney of
America," Lieutenant-General Sheridan. Five of the six were natives
of Ohio, and the sixth was a lifelong resident. Men commented on the
striking group and rightly remarked that it could have been produced
only by a singularly happy blending of the ideas and ideals that form
the warp and woof of Americanism.

Amalgamation, however, took time; for there were towering prejudices
and antipathies to be overcome. The Yankee scorned the Southerner, who
reciprocated with a double measure of dislike. The New England settlers
were, as a rule, people of some education; not one of their communities
long went without a schoolmaster. They were pious, law-abiding,
industrious; their more easygoing neighbors were likely to consider them
over-sensitive and critical. But the quality that made most impression
upon others was their shrewdness in business transactions. They could
drive a bargain and could discover loopholes in a contract in a fashion
to take the average backwoodsman off his feet. "Yankee tricks" became,
indeed, a household phrase wherever New Englander and Southerner met.
Whether the Yankee talked or kept silent, whether he was generous or
parsimonious, he was always under suspicion.

What of the "Long Knives" from Virginia, the Carolinas, and Kentucky who
also made the Ohio lands their goal? Of books they knew little; they
did not name their settlements in honor of classic heroes. They were
not "gentlemen"; many of them, indeed, had sought the West to escape a
society in which distinctions of birth and possessions had put them at a
disadvantage. They were not so pious as the New Englanders, though
they were capable of great religious enthusiasm, and their morals were
probably not inferior. Their houses were poorer; their villages were not
so well kept; their dress was more uncouth, and their ways rougher. But
they were a hardy folk--brave, industrious, hospitable, and generous to
a fault.

In the first days of westward migration the favorite gateway into
the Ohio Valley was Cumberland Gap, at the southeastern corner of the
present State of Kentucky. Thence the Virginians and Carolinians passed
easily to the Ohio in the region of Cincinnati or Louisville. Later
emig