showing intergradation with _carolinensis_, but Wright and Wright (1949:
568) consider _areolata_ to be a distinct subspecies. _G. texensis_
generally has been considered to be a synonym of _olivacea_. Other
species of the genus include the tropical _G. usta_, _G. elegans_ and
_G. pictiventris_.

Of the vernacular names hitherto applied to _G. olivacea_ none seems
appropriate; I propose to call the species the Kansas ant-eating frog
because of its range extending over most of the state, and because of
its specialized food habits. The type locality, originally stated to be
"Kansas and Nebraska" (Hallowell, 1856: 252) has been restricted to Fort
Riley, Kansas (Smith and Taylor, 1950: 358). Members of the genus have
most often been referred to as toads rather than frogs because of their
more toadlike appearance and habits. However, this family belongs to the
firmisternial or froglike division of the Salientia and the terms "frog"
and "toad," originally applied to _Rana_ and _Bufo_ respectively, have
been extended to include assemblages of related genera or families.
Members of the genus and family usually have been called
"narrow-mouthed" toads from the old generic name _Engystoma_, a synonym
of _Gastrophryne_. _G. olivacea_ usually has been referred to as the
Texas narrow-mouthed toad, or western narrow-mouthed toad. The latter
name is inappropriate because the geographic range is between that of a
more western representative (_mazatlanensis_) and a more eastern one
(_carolinensis_). The names _texensis_, _areolata_ and _carolinensis_
have all been applied to populations in Texas, and it is questionable
whether typical _olivacea_ even extends into Texas.

HABITAT

In the northeastern part of Kansas at least, rocky slopes in open woods
seem to provide optimum habitat conditions. This type of habitat has
been described by several earlier workers in this same area, Dice (1923:
46), Smith (1934: 503) and Freiburg (1951: 375). Smith (1950: 113)
stated that in Kansas this frog is found in wooded areas, and that rocks
are the usual cover, but he mentioned that outside of Kansas it is often
found in mesquite flats that are devoid of rocks. Freiburg's field work
was done almost entirely on the Reservation and was concentrated in
"Skink Woods" and vicinity, where much of my own field work, both before
and afterward, was concentrated. On the Reservation and in nearby
counties of Kansas, the habitat preferences of the ant-eating