it between the rows. The holes after filling should have the marking
pegs replaced in the center of the filling, this will serve as a guide
for planting the trees.

PLANTING.

There is no operation in all the work of establishing a coffee
plantation that requires such careful supervision as that of planting
out the young trees. If the work is carelessly done and the slender tap
root is doubled up or, if it is shortened too much, the tree will never
thrive. It may grow fairly well for a time, perhaps until the time for
the first crop, then the foliage will turn yellow and the tree show
every sign of decay. The effort to produce a crop is too much for the
tree and the sooner it is pulled up and replaced by a properly planted
tree the better.

The closest supervision is necessary in order that the planter may be
certain that the tap roots are placed perfectly straight in the ground;
and the lateral roots placed in a natural position. In order to effect
this, with the least amount of trouble, transplanters have been used. A
transplanter that has been used with success is made as follows: two
pieces of sheet iron (galvanized) are bent into two half circles, which,
when placed together, form a cylinder 3 inches in diameter and seven
inches long. A piece of hoop iron is bent to a ring, that will fit over
the cylinder, and riveted. The mode of using is as follows: The two
halves of the cylinder are pressed into the ground, one on each side of
the young coffee tree. They are pressed down until the upper ends are
level with the surface of the soil. The hoop iron ring is then
pressed over the ends of the two halves of the cylinder, binding them
firmly together. The cylinder can now be lifted from the ground bringing
with it the young tree with all its roots in the position in which they
grew. In this condition the young trees are carried to the field and,
the holes being opened, the cylinder, holding the tree, is placed in the
ground and the soil packed firmly around it. The hoop iron ring is then
removed and the two halves of the cylinder withdrawn. The soil is again
compacted around the roots and the tree is planted. There is another
transplanter, invented in America, that would probably be better and
more economical in working than the one described above. This
transplanter consists of a cylinder of thin sheet steel. These are made
in America of various sizes to suit different kinds of trees. For a
coffee tree a good size