the Roman fleets
made themselves masters of the towns on the Bosporus, and on the coast
of the Sea of Marmora.

11. After these generals came Lucullus; who was the first of all our
commanders who fought with the warlike nation of the Bessi: and with
similar vigour he crushed the mountaineers of the district of the
Balkan, in spite of their obstinate resistance. And while he was in that
country the whole of Thrace was brought under the power of our
ancestors, and in this way, after many doubtful campaigns, six provinces
were added to the republic.

12. Of these provinces the first one comes to, that which borders on the
Illyrians, is called by the especial name of Thrace; its chief cities
are Philippopolis, the ancient Eumolpias, and Beraea; both splendid
cities. Next to this the province of the Balkan boasts of Hadrianople,
which used to be called Uscudama, and Anchialos, both great cities. Nest
comes Mysia, in which is Marcianopolis, so named from the sister of the
emperor Trajan, also Dorostorus, and Nicopolis, Odyssus.

13. Next comes Scythia, in which the chief towns are Dionysiopolis,
Tomis, and Calatis. The last of all is Europa; which besides many
municipal towns has two principal cities, Apri and Perinthus, which in
later times has received the name of Heraclea. Beyond this is Rhodope,
in which are the cities of Maximianopolis, Maronea, and AEnus, after
founding and leaving which, it was thought AEneas proceeded onwards to
Italy, of which, after long wanderings, he became master, expecting by
the auspices to enjoy there perpetual prosperity.

14. But it is certain, as the invariable accounts of all writers
represent, that these tribes were nearly all agricultural, and, that
living on the high mountains in these regions above mentioned, they are
superior to us in health, vigour, and length of life; and they believe
that this superiority arises from the fact, that in their food they for
the most part abstain from all that is hot; also that the constant dews
besprinkle their persons with a cold and bracing moisture, and that
they enjoy the freshness of a purer atmosphere; and that they are the
first of all tribes to feel the rays of the morning sun, which are
instinct with life, before they become tainted with any of the foulness
arising from human things. Having discussed this matter let us now
return to our original narrative.

V.

Sec. 1. After Procopius had been overpowered in Phrygia, and all materia