rs.

IV.

Sec. 1. Julian was a man to be classed with heroic characters, and
conspicuous for the brilliancy of his exploits and his innate majesty.
For since, as wise men lay it down, there are four cardinal
virtues,--temperance, prudence, justice, and fortitude,--with
corresponding external accessaries, such as military skill, authority,
prosperity, and liberality, he eagerly cultivated them all as if they
had been but one.

2. And in the first place, he was of a chastity so inviolate that, after
the loss of his wife he never indulged in any sexual pleasures,
recollecting what is told in Plato of Sophocles the tragedian, that
being asked when he was a very old man whether he still had any commerce
with women, he said "No," with this further addition, that "he was glad
to say that he had at all times avoided such indulgence as a tyrannous
and cruel master."

3. And to strengthen this resolution he often called to mind the words
of the lyric poet Bacchylides, whom he used to read with pleasure, and
who said that as a fine painter makes a handsome face, so chastity
adorns a life that aims at greatness. And even when in the prime of life
he so carefully avoided this taint that there was never the least
suspicion of his becoming enamoured even of any of his household, as has
often happened.

4. And this kind of temperance increased in him, being strengthened by a
sparing indulgence in eating and sleeping, to which he rigidly adhered
whether abroad or at home. For in time of peace his frugal allowance of
food was a marvel to all who knew him, as resembling that of a man
always wishing to resume the philosopher's cloak. And in his various
campaigns he used commonly only to take a little plain food while
standing, as is the custom of soldiers.

5. And when after being fatigued by labour he had refreshed his body
with a short rest, as soon as he awoke he would go by himself round all
the sentries and outposts; after which he retired to his serious
studies.

6. And if any voice could bear witness to his use of the nocturnal lamp,
by which he pursued his lucubrations, it would show that there was a
vast difference between some emperors and him, who did not even indulge
himself in those pleasures permitted by the necessities of human nature.

7. Of his prudence there were also many proofs, of which it will be
sufficient to recount a few. He was profoundly skilled in war, and also
in the arts of peace. He was very atte