he Individual under Socialism_, p. 8.

[77] _Clarion Song Book_, p. 18.

[78] Snowden, _The Individual under Socialism_, p. 8.

[79] Snowden, _The Individual under Socialism_, p. 9.

[80] _Clarion Song Book_, p. 14.

[81] Ford, _Women and Socialism_, p. 2.

[82] _Clarion Song Book_, p. 31.

[83] _Ibid._ p. 25.

[84] Keir Hardie, _From Serfdom to Socialism_, p. 104.

[85] Bax and Quelch, _A New Catechism of Socialism_, p. 9.

[86] "Veritas," _Did Jesus Christ teach Socialism?_ p. 15.

[87] Davidson, _The Gospel of the Poor_, p. 153.

[88] "Veritas," _Did Jesus Christ teach Socialism?_ p. 16.

[89] Snowden, _The Christ that is to be_, p. 13.

[90] Snowden, _The Christ that is to be_, pp. 13, 14.

[91] _Ibid._ p. 14.

[92] "Veritas," _Did Jesus Christ teach Socialism?_ p. 4.

[93] Ward, _Prevention is Better than Cure_, pp. 2, 5, and 6.

[94] Gronlund, _The Co-operative Commonwealth_, p. 184.

CHAPTER III

THE GRIEVANCES OF THE SOCIALISTS

"Socialism is not only a theory of another and better system of
society: it is an indictment of the existing order."[95] The Socialist
conception of society as at present constituted, given in the
preceding chapter, will have prepared the reader to some extent for
the Socialist grievances. These grievances are three in number, and
may be summed up as follows:

(1) The workers are for all practical purposes slaves who are kept in
chains and forced to work by the capitalist class.

(2) The rich men cause the poverty of the poor by defrauding them of
the largest part of their wages.

(3) The workers receive only from one third to one fourth of the wage
which is their rightful due.

Let us look into these grievances.

According to the Socialist leaders, the workers--

Helots in hunger nursed
Slaves of their reign accursed[96]--

keep the rich in affluence. Nevertheless they themselves are kept in
poverty, degradation, and slavery by the capitalists whom they nourish
by their labour. "The landlord owns the raw material and can live in
idleness. The capitalist owns the machinery and can live in idleness.
The worker has nothing, except his ability to work, and he cannot
work without the consent of the landlord and the capitalist.
Therefore, he is virtually a slave. He cannot control his own
life."[97]

As a matter of fact the position of the worker is worse than was that
of the slave. "It did not always pay to starve a slave, because if he