divinity students, like that at
Loccum near Hanover, where a reformed mediaeval monastery, free from
vows, and in the full vigour of its life, is used as a college and
residence for the students of the Reformed Church, and where the old
monastic church is used as the parish church for the people around. To
visit Loccum and see it presided over by the venerable Protestant
theologian, Dr. Ullhorn, with its garden, grounds, and farm, its church
and cloisters, its great library and residence for professors and
students, is to be persuaded of the rich possibilities that lie within
the reach of the Scottish Church in the restoration of some of its
ruined abbeys. The saintly Leighton felt the need of this, and thought
"the great and fatal error of the Reformation was, that more of these
houses and of that course of life, _free from the entanglements of vows
and other mixtures_, was not preserved; so that the Protestant churches
had neither places of education nor retreat for men of mortified
tempers."[480] The Reformed Church would thereby purify a great idea,
and if it be true, as the late Master of Balliol asserted, that it is
the great misfortune of Protestantism never to have had an art or
architecture,[481] it can restore and adopt the old architecture that
was the creation of the Christian spirit, amid the leisure of the
cloister and in times more restful than our own.

APPENDIX

DEFINITION OF LEADING ARCHITECTURAL TERMS[482]

_Abacus_--the flat member at the top of a capital. _Apse_--the
semicircular space at the end of a building. _Arcade_--a series of
arches; is usually applied to the small ornamental arches only. _Barrel
vault_--resembling the inside of a barrel. _Bead_--a small round
moulding. _Boss_--a projecting ornament in a vault at the intersection
of the ribs. _Canopy_--the head of a niche over an image; also the
ornamental moulding over a door or window or tomb. _Capital_, _cap_--the
head of a column, pilaster, etc. _Chamfer_--a sloping surface forming
the bevelled edge of a square pier, moulding, or buttress, when the
angle is said to be chamfered off. _Chevron_--an inflected moulding,
also called zigzag, characteristic of Norman architecture. _Clere-story_
or _clear-story_--the upper story of a church, as distinguished from the
triforium or blind story below it, in which the openings, though
resembling windows, are usually blank or blind, not glazed. _Corbel_--a
projecting stone to carry a weight