abor when fire heat is to be used, may properly be
made in a cellar, particularly when on a sloping ground, and easy of
access to the ground level on one side. But, as a general rule, such
room is better on a level with the main floor of the dwelling, and there
are usually sufficient occupations for the cellar without them.

All cellar walls should be at least 18 inches thick, for even a wooden
house, and from that to 2 feet for a stone or brick one, and well laid
in strong lime-mortar. Unmortared cellar walls are frequently laid under
wooden buildings, and _pointed_ with lime-mortar inside; but this is
sometimes dug out by rats, and is apt to crumble and fall out otherwise.
A _complete_ cellar wall should be thoroughly laid in mortar.

[Illustration: FARM HOUSE. Pages 101-102.]

DESIGN III.

We here present the reader with a substantial, plain, yet
highly-respectable stone or brick farm house, of the second class,
suitable for an estate of three, to five hundred acres, and
accommodation for a family of a dozen or more persons. The style is
mixed rural Gothic, Italian, and bracketed; yet in keeping with the
character of the farm, and the farmer's standing and occupation.

The main body of this house is 42x24 feet on the ground, and one and
three quarter stories high--the chambers running two or three feet into
the roof, as choice or convenience may direct. The roof has a pitch of
30 to 40deg from a horizontal line, and broadly spread over the walls,
say two and a half feet, showing the ends of the rafters, bracket
fashion. The chimneys pass out through the peak of the roof, where the
hips of what would otherwise be the gables, connect with the long sides
of the roof covering the front and rear. On the long front is partly
seen, in the perspective, a portico, 16x10 feet--not the _chief_
entrance front, but rather a side front, practically, which leads into a
lawn or garden, as may be most desirable, and from which the best view
from the house is commanded. Over this porch is a small gable running
into the roof, to break its monotony, in which is a door-window leading
from the upper hall on to the deck of the porch. This gable has the same
finish as the main roof, by brackets. The chamber windows are two-thirds
or three-quarters the size of the lower ones; thus showing the upper
story not full height below the plates, but running two to four feet
into the garret. The rear wing, containing the entrance or bus