udgment and his experience and a high
sense of justice.

One of the most important and most practical problems with which the
commander of the expedition will have to deal is that of the treatment
of property and the collection and administration of the revenues.
It is conceded that all public funds and securities belonging to the
government of the country in its own right and all arms and supplies and
other movable property of such government may be seized by the military
occupant and converted to the use of this Government. The real property
of the state he may hold and administer, at the same time enjoying
the revenues thereof; but he is not to destroy it save in the case
of military necessity. All public means of transportation, such as
telegraph lines, cables, railways, and boats belonging to the state may
be appropriated to his use, but unless in case of military necessity
they are not to be destroyed. All churches and buildings devoted to
religious worship and to the arts and sciences, all schoolhouses, are,
so far as possible, to be protected, and all destruction or intentional
defacement of such places, of historical monuments or archives, or of
works of science or art is prohibited save when required by urgent
military necessity.

Private property, whether belonging to individuals or corporations, is
to be respected, and can be confiscated only as hereafter indicated.
Means of transportation, such as telegraph lines and cables, railways,
and boats, may, although they belong to private individuals or
corporations, be seized by the military occupant, but unless destroyed
under military necessity are not to be retained.

While it is held to be the right of a conqueror to levy contributions
upon the enemy in their seaports, towns, or provinces which may be in
his military possession by conquest, and to apply the proceeds to defray
the expenses of the war, this right is to be exercised within such
limitations that it may not savor of confiscation. As the result of
military occupation the taxes and duties payable by the inhabitants to
the former government become payable to the military occupant, unless he
sees fit to substitute for them other rates or modes of contribution to
the expenses of the government. The moneys so collected are to be used
for the purpose of paying the expenses of government under the military
occupation, such as the salaries of the judges and the police, and for
the payment of the expense