ter some experience with rafts that _would_ sink, scows that _would_
leak, and other craft that showed a strong preference for floating with
keels in the air, we found in the canvas canoe a boat at once handsome,
speedy, and safe, and capable of a great variety of uses, while the
small cost and easy construction place it within reach of all young
ship-builders.

To produce a good canvas boat care and patience are more necessary than
great skill with tools, though it is supposed that the young mechanic
can use his rule correctly, saw to a line, and plane an edge reasonably
straight.

The first proceeding in any building operation, after the plans are
decided on, is to make out a "bill of materials" and an "estimate," and
ours will read as follows:

Keel, oak, 1 in. square, by 15 ft. }
long. } Sawed from an oak
10 rib-bands, oak, 1 x 1/4 in., by } board 15 ft. X 6
15 ft. long } in. = 7-1/2 ft. @ 5c.
2 gunwales, oak, 1 x 3/4 in., by }
15 ft. long } $0.38
Keelson, 3 x 1 in., 10 ft. long. } 10 in. pine board
Bow, stern, coaming, and ridge pieces. } .35
Moulds. } 2 pine boards 12 x 1/2 in., 13 ft.
Floor boards, } long = 26 ft.,@ 3c. .78
Paddle, 1-1/4 in. spruce plank, 6-1/2 in. X 13 ft. .25
Canvas, 5 yds., 40 in., @ 45c. 2.25
Canvas deck, 5 yds., 28 in., @ 25c. 1.25
1 package 1 in. No. 7 iron screws. .30
Tacks, nails, and screws. .50
Rubber cloth for apron. .50
Sawing moulds and paddle. .50
Paint. 1.00
-----
$8.06

Having all our material ready, it will be best to mark out the different
pieces, and have them all sawed at once by a steam-saw.

Beginning with the bow and stern, we will lay off on one corner of the
ten-inch board a line two feet long, representing the dotted line
_c_ _d_ in Fig. 1.

A line is drawn half an inch from the edge from the point 11 to 12,
making a notch for th