ring in not less than $3.00 per month, or be turned out as
useless. The average is about $3.72. Up-to-date men will not keep a cow
who does not average this for her milking.

Cost of Starting on 160 Acres.

This, of course, varies with the circumstances of the case, and depends
largely on whether a man has the capital to push forward his operations,
or is content to gradually get his land into working order. A man with
$720.00 to $1032.00 could make a good start. If the land was taken up at
$2.40 per acre from the Crown, his first year's deposit would be $18.24,
and he would have sufficient to fence the land, buy some cows, and put
up some sort of a house. Necessarily a settler does not spend much on
his house at first until he has made some money. On the other hand, many
of the most prosperous farmers in Queensland have started with only a
few pounds, sufficient to pay their first year's rent. By fencing his
land himself, the settler can save a good deal of expense. And by
working for neighbouring farmers, he can gradually acquire money to buy
stock from time to time.

On the other hand, if he wishes to begin straight away, and has a little
money, he can get assistance from the Agricultural Bank, a Government
institution, which advances $0.60 in the $ towards improvements, and
$0.50 in the $ for stock, machinery, and implements, charging 5 per
cent. simple interest.

COST OF STARTING A DAIRY FARM ON 160 ACRES.
$
Rent--1st year's deposit and survey fee 18.24
Fencing--2 miles at 96.00 per mile
(posts 12 feet apart and 3 barbs) 192.00
12 Cows at $28.80 per cow 345.60
2 Horses at $72.00 144.00
Plough 28.80
Harness 24.00
Swingle bars and chains 6.00
House--24 x 12 feet, slabbed and floored,
at $4.80 per foot 115.20
Milking-shed 24.00
Yard 48.00
30-gallon Separator 60.00
Cart (second-hand) 24.00

Some small items, such as rations, m