by the measurement of half a dozen other liners, and is exceeded by the
freighters built by Mr. J.J. Hill for the China trade.

[Illustration: _From a copyrighted photograph by C.L. Ritzmann, N.Y._

STEEL MANUFACTURE

THE FULLER (FLATIRON) BUILDING, NEW YORK CITY]

HISTORICAL

1619.--Iron works established on Falling Creek, Va.

1643.--First foundry in Massachusetts, at Lynn.

1658.--Blast furnace and forge at New Haven, Conn.

1679.--Father Hennepin discovers coal in Illinois.

1703.--Mordecai Lincoln, ancestor of Abraham Lincoln, establishes
iron works at Scituate, Mass.

1717.--First bar iron exported from American Colonies to West
Indies.

1728.--Steel made, Hebron, Ct.

1732.--Father of George Washington establishes furnace in Virginia.

1740.--First iron works in New York, near Hudson.

1750.--Bituminous coal mined in Virginia.

1766.--Anthracite coal discovered in Pennsylvania.

1770.--First rolling-mill in Colonies, Boonton, N.J.

1801-1803.--Lake Champlain iron district, New York, developed.

1812.--First rolling-mill at Pittsburg.

1828.--Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, first steam railway in the United
States, begun.

1829.--"Stourbridge Lion," first locomotive in America, used in
Delaware & Hudson Railway.

1830.--The T rail invented by Robert L. Stevens.

1830.--First American locomotive, "Tom Thumb," built by Peter
Cooper at Baltimore.

1830.--Twenty-three miles of railway in the United States.

1844.--Lake Superior iron ores discovered by William Burt.

1850.--First shipment of Lake Superior ore, ten tons.

1857.--Iron industry founded in Chicago.

1862.--Phoenix wrought iron column, or girder, first made.

1864.--Bessemer steel first made in the United States.

1865.--First Bessemer steel rails in the United States rolled at
Chicago.

1890.--First armor-plate made in the United States rolled at
Bethlehem, Pa.

1890.--The United States surpasses Great Britain in production of
pig-iron.

1900.--The United States leads in the production of open-hearth
steel.

=Gold.=--Gold is one of the metals earliest to be mined. It is mentioned
by the ancient profane as well as by sacred writers. Pictorial
representations of fusing and working the metal are sculptured on early
Egyptian tombs, and beau