r-gate. Besides which, there
are two posterns, one in the east curtain, and the other in the
west, neither of which are ever opened except for the purposes of the
garrison. In this citadel the governor-general resides, having a brick
palace two stories high, with a noble front of Italian architecture.
Opposite to this palace is that of the director-general, who is next
in rank to the governor. The counsellors and other principal officers
of the company have also their apartments within the citadel, together
with the chief physician, chief surgeon, and chief apothecary. There
in also a remarkably neat and light small church, and there are many
magazines and store-houses well furnished with ammunition and military
stores; and in it are the offices in which all the affairs of the
company are transacted, and archives for containing all the records.

Besides many Dutch, all of whom are either in the service of the
company or free burgesses, the city is inhabited by a vast number
of people of many different Indian nations, besides many Portuguese,
French, and other Europeans, established here on account of trade. The
Portuguese are mostly descendants of those who lived formerly here or
at Goa, and who, finding their account in living under the government
of the Dutch, did not think proper to remove after the Dutch had
reduced the country; but far the greater number of these are now of
the reformed religion. The Indian inhabitants consist of Javanese, or
natives of the island, Chinese, Malays, negroes, Amboinese, Armenians,
natives of the island of Bali, Mardykers, Macassars, Bougis, and
others. It is a very curious thing to see so great a multitude of
different nations all living in the same great city, and each nation
according to their own manners. Every moment one sees new customs,
strange manners, varieties of dresses, and faces of different colours,
as black, white, brown, yellow, and olive-coloured; every one living
as he pleases, and all speaking their different languages. Yet, amidst
all this variety of people and customs so opposite to each other,
there is a surprising unity among the citizens, occasioned by the
advantages of commerce, the common object of all, so that they live
harmoniously and happily under the gentle and prudent laws established
by the company. All enjoy perfect liberty of conscience, whatever may
be their religion or sect, only that none are permitted the public
exercise of their religion except