t until 1884 was he permitted to return to the mountains of the
Northwest. The majority of his people were located again in Idaho,
among their kindred. He himself was placed upon another reservation,
near Spokane, Washington.

He pleaded for the Wallowa Valley--his Valley of the Winding Waters;
but that had been settled by the white men. All that he found was his
father's grave. A white man had enclosed it with a picket fence.
Chief Joseph wept.

He lived to a good age. In 1903 he visited the East; he talked with
President Roosevelt and General Miles. He met General Howard. The
next year he exhibited himself in an Indian show at the St. Louis fair.
That hurt his pride. He was ashamed to sell his face for money.

When he went home, he was sick. This September he died, on the
Washington reservation. The doctor asserted that he died from a broken
heart.

He was the last of the great chiefs of the American Indians. The
Historical Society of the State of Washington has erected over his
grave a noble monument. Under it he lies, while people read his name,
translated: "Thunder-rolling-in-the-mountains."

CHAPTER XXVI

THE GHOST DANCERS AND THE RED SOLDIERS (1889-1890)

AND SITTING BULL'S LAST MEDICINE

In 1889 the Sioux, upon their reservations in South Dakota, were much
dissatisfied. Their cattle were dying, their crops had failed, there
were no buffalo, and the Government supplies were not being issued
according to promise.

The Sioux no longer occupied the Great Sioux reservation of western
South Dakota. By several treaties they had sold the greater portion of
that land. The last treaty, signed only this year, had left them five
tracts, as reservations.

On the Missouri River at the middle north line of South Dakota there
was the Standing Rock reservation, where lived Sitting Bull and many of
the Hunkpapas and Oglalas whom he had led.

Next to it, on the south was the Cheyenne River reservation, for the
Miniconjous, Without Bows, Two Kettles, and others.

Then there was a wide strip of land which had been sold, with the small
Lower Brule reservation in the east end of it.

Then, side by side against the Nebraska line, south, there were the
Rosebud reservation, for the other Brules; and Chief Red Cloud's Pine
Ridge reservation, for his Oglalas, and various bands.

The Sioux numbered twenty-five thousand. The lands left to them were
the poorest of the lands. White men had failed to mak