tice. Not only consumptives, but people with throat affections,
may do no end of harm in the spreading of disease by carelessness in
this respect.

133 For further information on the care of consumptives, consult Huber's
_Consumption and Civilization_.

134 As typhoid fever is a disease of the small intestine, great care
must be exercised in taking food and in the bodily movements. Solids
greatly irritate the diseased lining of the intestine, and the
weakened walls may actually be broken through by pressure resulting
from moving about.

135 Alcoholic beverages include all the various kinds of drinks that owe
their stimulating properties to a substance, ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH),
which is made from sugar by the process of fermentation. They
include _malt liquors_, such as beer and ale, which contain from
three to eight per cent of alcohol; _wines_, such as claret, hock,
sherry, and champagne, which contain from five to twenty per cent of
alcohol; and _distilled liquors_, such as brandy, whisky, rum, and
gin, which contain from thirty to sixty-five per cent of alcohol.
Alcoholic beverages all contain constituents other than alcohol,
these varying with the materials from which they are made and with
the processes of manufacture. The distilled liquors are so called
from the fact that their alcohol has been separated from the
fermenting substances by distillation.

136 Duncan, _The Chemistry of Commerce_.

137 Alcohol is "denatured" by adding substances to it such as wood
alcohol, which render its use as a beverage impossible.

138 The tobacco plant, _Nicotiana tobacum_, is a native of America, and
the use of tobacco began with the American Indians. It was taken
back to Europe by the early explorers, Sir Walter Raleigh being
credited with introducing it to the nobility of England.

139 Most headaches are the result either of eye strain or of digestive
disturbances, such as indigestion and constipation, and are to be
relieved through the work of the oculist or through attention to the
hygiene of the digestive system.

***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK PHYSIOLOGY AND HYGIENE FOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS***

CREDITS

November 2005

Project Gutenberg Edition
Joshua Hutchinson, Kevin Handy, John Hagerson, Online