up"
drill is here given:

1. Standing erect, with the heels together, the feet at an angle of 45 deg.,
and hands at the sides, bring the arms to a horizontal position in front,
little fingers touching and nails down. From this position raise the hands
straight over the head, bringing the palms gradually together. Then with a
backward sweeping movement, return the hands again to the sides. Repeat
several times.

2. With the feet as in the above exercise, bring the hands and the arms to
a level with the shoulders, palms down, elbows bent, middle fingers of the
two hands touching, and the extended thumbs touching the chest. Keeping
the palms down and the arms on a level with the shoulders, extend the
hands as far sideward and backward as possible, returning each time to the
first position. As the hands move out, inhale deeply (through the nose),
and as they are brought back, exhale quickly (through the mouth). Repeat
several times.

3. With the arms at the sides and the feet side by side and touching,
bring the hands in a circular movement to a vertical position over the
head, and lock the thumbs. Keeping the knees straight and the thumbs
locked, bend forward, letting the hands touch the ground if possible, and
then bring the body and hands again to the vertical position. Then by a
backward sweeping movement, return the hands again to the sides. Repeat.

While these exercises may be practiced whenever convenient, it is best to
set apart some special time each day for them, as on retiring at night or
on rising in the morning.

*Hygienic Footwear.*--A necessary aid to erectness of position in standing
and walking is a properly fitting shoe. Heels that are too high tilt the
body unnaturally forward, and shoes that cause any kind of discomfort in
walking lead to unnatural positions in order to protect the feet. Shoes
should fit snugly, being neither too large nor too small. Many shoes,
however, are unhygienically constructed, and no attempt should be made to
wear them. Certainly is this true of styles that approach the "French
heel" or the "toothpick toe" (Fig. 107). However, many styles of shoes are
manufactured that are both hygienic and neat fitting. Rubber heels, on
account of their elasticity, are to be preferred to those made of leather.

[Fig. 107]

Fig. 107--Heels and toes of unhygienic and of hygienic footwear.

*The Skeleton in Childhood and Old Age.*--Certain peculiar