red to rebel, probably in 727
B.C., but was overthrown and destroyed, its inhabitants being led away
captive.

* It may be that, in accordance with a custom which obtained
during the generations that followed, and which possibly
originated about this period, this daughter of Osorkon III.
was only the adoptive mother of Amenertas.

** Shabarain was originally confounded with Samaria by the
early commentators on the Babylonian Chronicle. Halevy, very
happily, referred it to the biblical Sepharvaim, a place
always mentioned in connection with Hamath and Arpad (2
Kings xvii. 24, 31; xviii. 34; xix. 13: cf. Isa. xxxvi. 19;
xxxvii. 13), and to the Sibraim of Ezekiel (xlvii. 16),
called in the _Septuagint_ Samareim. Its identification with
Samaria has, since then, been generally rejected, and its
connection with Sibraim admitted. Sibraim (or Sepharvaim, or
Samareim) has been located at Shomeriyeh, to the east of the
Bahr-Kades, and south of Hamath.

This achievement proved, beyond the possibility of doubt, that in spite
of their change of rulers the vengeance of the Assyrians was as keen
and sharp as ever. Not one of the Syrian towns dared to stir, and the
Phonician seaports, though their loyalty had seemed, for a moment,
doubtful, took care to avoid any action which might expose them to the
terrors of a like severity.* The Israelites and Philistines, alone of
the western peoples, could not resign themselves to a prudent policy;
after a short period of hesitation they drew the sword from its
scabbard, and in 725 war broke out.**

* The siege of Tyre, which the historian Menander, in a
passage quoted by Josephus, places in the reign of
Shalmaneser, ought really to be referred to the reign of
Sennacherib, or the fragment of Menander must be divided
into three parts dealing with three different Assyrian
campaigns against Tyre, under Tiglath-pileser, Sennacherib,
and Esarhaddon respectively.

** The war cannot have begun earlier, for the _Eponym
Canon_, in dealing with 726, has the words "in the country,"
thus proving that no expedition took place in that year; in
the case of the year 725, on the other hand, it refers to a
campaign against some country whose name has disappeared.
The passages in the _Book of Kings_ (2 Kings xvii. 1-6, and
xviii. 9-12) which deal with the close of