huri-Shu, possibly Thinis, and of
Thot, possibly Hermopolis, in order to repel the tribes of
the Tihonu who were ceaselessly harassing the frontier.

[Illustration: 318.jpg THE PRINCE OF THE KHATI]

Drawn by Faucher-Gudin, from a photograph taken at Medinet-
Habu.

The campaign of the XIth year brought to an end the great military
expeditions of Ramses III. Henceforward he never took the lead in any
more serious military enterprise than that of repressing the Bedawin of
Seir for acts of brigandage,* or the Ethiopians for some similar
reason. He confined his attention to the maintenance of commercial and
industrial relations with manufacturing countries, and with the
markets of Asia and Africa. He strengthened the garrisons of Sinai, and
encouraged the working of the ancient mines in that region. He sent a
colony of quarry-men and of smelters to the land of Atika, in order to
work the veins of silver which were alleged to exist there.**

*The Sairu of the Egyptian texts have been identified with
the Bedawin of Seir.

** This is the Gebel-Ataka of our day. All this district is
imperfectly explored, but we know that it contains mines and
quarries some of which were worked as late as in the time of
the Mameluk Sultans.

He launched a fleet on the Red Sea, and sent it to the countries of
fragrant spices. "The captains of the sailors were there, together with
the chiefs of the _corvee_ and accountants, to provide provision" for
the people of the Divine Lands "from the innumerable products of Egypt;
and these products were counted by myriads. Sailing through the great
sea of Qodi, they arrived at Puantt without mishap, and there collected
cargoes for their galleys and ships, consisting of all the unknown
marvels of Tonutir, as well as considerable quantities of the perfumes
of Puatin, which they stowed on board by tens of thousands without
number. The sons of the princes of Tonutir came themselves into Qimit
with their tributes. They reached the region of Coptos safe and sound,
and disembarked there in peace with their riches." It was somewhere
about Sau and Tuau that the merchants and royal officers landed,
following the example of the expeditions of the XIIth and XVIIIth
dynasties. Here they organised caravans of asses and slaves, which
taking the shortest route across the mountain--that of the valley of
Rahanu--carried the precious commodities to Coptos, whence they w