of the new Irish Bill was under discussion with the Irish
leaders. The course of these deliberations was undoubtedly a
disappointment. Mr. Bryce was replaced by Mr. Birrell as Chief
Secretary, but the scheme still fell short of what Redmond had hoped to
attain. Unfortunately, and it was a characteristic error, his sanguine
temperament had led him to encourage in Ireland hopes as high as his
own. The production of the Irish Council Bill and its reception in
Ireland was the first real shock to his power.

Mr. Birrell in introducing the measure spoke with his eye on the Tories
and the House of Lords. He represented it as only the most trifling
concession; he emphasized not the powers which it conveyed but the
limitations to them. Redmond in following him was in a difficult
position. He stressed the point that to accept a scheme which by reason
of its partial nature would break down in its working would be ruinous,
because failure would be attributed to natural incapacity in the Irish
people. Acceptance, therefore, he said, could not be unconditional and
undoubtedly to his mind it was conditioned by his hope of securing
certain important amendments, which he outlined. None the less, the tone
of his speech was one of acceptance, and he concluded:

"I have never in all the long years that I have been in this House
spoken under such a heavy sense of responsibility as I am speaking
on this measure this afternoon. Ever since Mr. Gladstone's Bill of
1886 Ireland has been waiting for some scheme to settle the
problem--waiting sometimes in hope, sometimes almost in despair;
but the horrible thing is this, that all the time that Ireland has
been so waiting there has been a gaping wound in her side, and her
sons have had to stand by helpless while they saw her very
life-blood flowing out. Who can say that is an exaggeration? Twenty
years of resolute government by the party above the gangway have
diminished the population of Ireland by a million. No man in any
position of influence can take upon himself the awful
responsibility of despising and putting upon one side any device
that may arrest that hemorrhage, even although he believed, as I
do, that far different remedies must be applied before Ireland can
stand upon her feet in vigorous strength. We are determined, as far
as we are concerned, that these other remedies shall be applied;
but in t