rowlingly received Frank at his first visit, but who in time had
become an acquaintance of his, lay stretched at full length dreaming.
Scarcely did Richard notice the dreaming animal when he exclaimed,

"The dog dreams! See how his feet move in the chase, how he opens his
nostrils, how he barks, how his limbs reach for the game! The dog
dreams he is in the chase."

"I have often observed Hector's dreams," said Siegwart coolly.

Frank continued,

"Have you considered the consequences that follow from the dreams of
the dog? Dreams show a thinking faculty," said he hastily. "Animals,
then, think like men; thoughts are the children of the mind; therefore,
animals have minds. Animals and men are alike."

Angela started at these words. Her mother shook her head.

"You conclude too hastily, my dear friend," said Siegwart coolly. "You
must first know that animals dream like men. Men think, reflect, and
speak in dreams. The dreams of animals are very different from those
mental acts."

"How will you explain it?" said Richard excitedly.

"Very easily. Hector is now in the chase. The dog's sense of smell is
remarkable. By means of the fragrant wind Hector smells the partridges
miles away. He acts then just as in the dream; feet, nose, and limbs
come into activity. Suppose that in the surrounding fields there is a
covey of partridges. The air would indicate them to Hector's smelling
organs; these organs act, as in the waking state, on the brain of the
animal; the brain acts on the other organs. Where is there thought?
Have we not a purely material effect? The cough, the appetite, the
sneezing, the aversion--what have all these to do with mind or thought?
Nothing at all. The dream of the dog is an entirely muscular process,
the mere co-working of the muscular organs; as with us, digestion, the
flowing of the blood, the twitching of the muscles--facts with which
the mind has nothing to do."

"Your assertion is based on the assumption that partridges are near,"
said Richard; "and I will be obliged to you if, with Hector's
assistance, you convince me of this fact."

"That is unnecessary, my dear friend. Suppose there are no partridges
in the neighborhood. The same affection of the brain which would be
produced by the smell of the partridges could be produced by accident.
If it is accidental, it will have the same effect in the sleeping
condition of the dog.[2] Affections accidentally arise in man the
causes of which are not