onths,* and the others
for three months. The cases were the occasion of much litigation in
which the authority of the courts to intervene in labor disputes by
issuing injunctions was on the whole sustained. The failure and collapse
of the American Railway Union appears to have ended the career of Debs
as a labor organizer, but he has since been active and prominent as a
Socialist party leader.

* Under Section IV of the Anti-Trust Law of 1890.

Public approval of the energy and decision which President Cleveland
displayed in handling the situation was so strong and general that it
momentarily quelled the factional spirit in Congress. Judge Thomas M.
Cooley, then, probably the most eminent authority on constitutional law,
wrote a letter expressing "unqualified satisfaction with every step"
taken by the President "in vindication of the national authority." Both
the Senate end the House adopted resolutions endorsing the prompt and
vigorous measures of the Administration. The newspapers, too, joined in
the chorus of approval. A newspaper ditty which was widely circulated
and was read by the President with pleasure and amusement ended a string
of verses with the lines:

The railroad strike played merry hob, The land was set aflame; Could
Grover order out the troops To block the striker's game? One Altgeld
yelled excitedly, "Such tactics I forbid; You can't trot out those
soldiers," yet That's just what Grover did.

In after years when people talk Of present stirring times, And of
the action needful to Sit down on public crimes, They'll all of them
acknowledge then (The fact cannot be hid) That whatever was the best to
do Is just what Grover did.

This brief period of acclamation was, however, only a gleam of sunshine
through the clouds before the night set in with utter darkness.
Relations between President Cleveland and his party in the Senate had
long been disturbed by his refusal to submit to the Senate rule that
nominations to office should be subject to the approval of the Senators
from the State to which the nominees belonged. On January 15, 1894,
eleven Democrats voted with Senator David B. Hill to defeat a New York
nominee for justice of the Supreme Court. President Cleveland then
nominated another New York jurist against whom no objection could be
urged regarding reputation or experience; but as this candidate was not
Senator Hill's choice, the nomination was rejected, fourteen Democrats
voting with