e Sage's Bachelor of Salamanca, which
is too nicely described to be totally imaginary.

In this situation some ladies apply to what are termed cosmetics under
various names, which crowd the newspapers. Of these the white has destroyed
the health of thousands; a calx, or magistery, of bismuth is supposed to be
sold in the shops for this purpose; but it is either, I am informed, in
part or entirely white lead or cerussa. The pernicious effects of the
external use of those saturnine applications are spoken of in gutta rosea,
Class II. 1. 4. 6. The real calx of bismuth would probably have the same
ill effect. As the red paint is prepared from cochineal, which is an animal
body, less if any injury arises from its use, as it only lies on the skin
like other filth.

The tan of the skin occasioned by the sun may be removed by lemon juice
evaporated by the fire to half its original quantity, or by diluted marine
acid; which cleans the cuticle, by eroding its surface, but requires much
caution in the application; the marine acid must be diluted with water, and
when put upon the hand or face, after a second of time, as soon as the tan
disappears, the part must be washed with a wet towel and much warm water.
Freckles lie too deep for this operation, nor are they in general
removeable by a blister, as I once experienced. See Class I. 2. 2. 9.

It is probable, that those materials which stain silk, or ivory, might be
used to stain the cuticle, or hair, permanently; as they are all animal
substances. But I do not know, that any trials of this kind have been made
on the skin. I endeavoured in vain to whiten the back of my hand by marine
acid oxygenated by manganese, which so instantly whitens cotton.

The cure therefore must be sought from moral writers, and the cultivation
of the graces of the mind, which are frequently a more valuable possession
than celebrated beauty.

13. _Paupertatis timor._ The fear of poverty is one kind of avarice; it is
liable to affect people who have left off a profitable and active business;
as they are thus deprived of their usual exertions, and are liable to
observe the daily expenditure of money, without calculating the source from
whence it flows. It is also liable to occur with a sudden and unexpected
increase of fortune. Mr. ----, a surgeon, about fifty years of age, who was
always rather of a parsimonious disposition, had a large house, with a
fortune of forty thousand pounds, left him by a distan