entering the ureter from the pelvis of the kidney; and, which ceases
when the stone is protruded forwards into the bladder; or when it is
returned into the pelvis of the kidney by the retrograde action of the
ureter. The kidney is nevertheless inflamed more frequently, though in a
less degree, from other causes; especially from the intemperate
ingurgitation of ale, or other fermented or spirituous liquors. This less
degree of inflammation is the cause of gravel, as that before mentioned is
the effect of it. The mucus secreted to lubricate the internal surface of
the uriniferous tubes of the kidney becomes secreted in greater quantity,
when these vessels are inflamed; and, as the correspondent absorbent
vessels act more energetically at the same time, the absorption of its more
fluid parts is more powerfully effected; on both these accounts the mucus
becomes both changed in quality and more indurated. And in this manner
stones are produced on almost every mucous membrane of the body; as in the
lungs, bowels, and even in the pericordium, as some writers have affirmed.
See Class I. 1. 3. 9.

M. M. Venesection. Ten grains of calomel given in small pills, then
infusion of sena with oil. Warm bath. Then opium a grain and half. See
Class I. 1. 3. 9. for a further account of the method of cure.

15. _Cystitis._ Inflammation of the bladder is attended with tumor and pain
of the lower part of the belly; with difficult and painful micturition; and
tenesmus. It generally is produced by the existence of a large stone in the
bladder, when in a great degree; or is produced by common causes, when in a
slighter degree.

The stone in the bladder is generally formed in the kidney, and passing
down the ureter into the bladder becomes there gradually increased in size;
and this most frequently by the apposition of concentric spheres, as may be
seen by sawing some of the harder calculi through the middle, and polishing
one surface. These new concretions superinduced on the nucleus, which
descended from the kidney, as described in Class I. 1. 3. 9. and in the
preceding article of this genus, is not owing to the microcosmic salt,
which is often seen to adhere to the sides of chamber-pots, as this is
soluble in warm water, but to the mucus of the bladder, as it rolls along
the internal surface of it. Now when the bladder is slightly inflamed, this
mucus of its internal surface is secreted in greater quantity, and is more
indurated by the abso