out a half less, and with earth litter one quarter
less.

[168] See Appendix, Note XIII., p. 288.

[169] See Appendix, Note XIV., p. 289.

[170] See Appendix, Note XV., p. 290.

[171] For spring application rotten farmyard manure is generally used,
because in this condition its fertilising matter is more quickly
available. On light land it is best to apply it in the rotten condition
shortly before it is likely to be used. (See p. 261.)

[172] The total amount of plant-food in a ton of farmyard manure is
together less than 1/20th of its total weight.

[173] See Heiden's 'Duengerlehre,' vol. ii. p. 171.

[174] For full details see Appendix, Note XVI., p. 290.

[175] Storer reproduces these results in his 'Agricultural Chemistry,'
vol. ii. p. 21.

[176] This aspect of farmyard manure has been ably stated by Mr F. J.
Cooke, a well-known Norfolk farmer. In commenting on the results of the
Rothamsted experiments, he says: "It is clear enough that the faith of
the farmer in the soil-enriching character of his home-made manure is
amply justified; the only question being, indeed, if this quality be not
too highly appreciated. It is not, after all, so much by the fattening
of our land as by the bounty of the crop grown upon it that we reap the
fruit of our exertions. The man of scientific mind keeps his purpose
fixed on the _production of good crops_ mainly, and the cheapest way to
grow them. The experiments under consideration show that richness of
land may be purchased much too dearly, and that richness of crop by no
means bears the necessary relation to richness of soil which has
sometimes been imagined. We may boast of the 'lasting qualities' of our
dung, but the answer of science by these experiments is, that so great
is the last that the life of one man may not be long enough to exhaust
it. In the extravagant use of dung, therefore, such considerations,
amongst many others, as length of purse, as well as length and character
of tenure, must clearly be taken into account."

[177] See paper on "Manurial Experiments with Turnips" by author, in
'Transactions of the Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland;'
1891.

[178] Storer's 'Agricultural Chemistry,' vol. i. p. 498.

[179] Division III. p. 130.

[180] Mr F. J. Cooke, who has already been quoted, has kindly furnished
the author with his views on the peculiar functions of farmyard manure
as a manure. He says: "I look upon it, broadly speaking, as chiefly