due and are gladly rendered to George C.
Dawson, Esq., of Chicago, and to Mr. Francis F. Browne, editor of _The
Dial_, for valuable assistance in revising and perfecting this version.

G. A. Z.

CHICAGO, _October_, 1882.

* * * * *

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CONTENTS.

INTRODUCTION ... 17

_PART FIRST:_
_THE DARWINIAN THEORIES_.

BOOK I.
THE PURELY SCIENTIFIC THEORIES.

The Scientific Problem, ... 23

CHAPTER I.

RISE OF THE DARWINIAN THEORIES.

Sec.1. Direct Predecessors, ... 30
Sec.2. Indirect Preparations, ... 33

CHAPTER II.

HISTORY OF THE DARWINIAN THEORIES.

Sec.1. Darwin, ... 38
Sec.2. The Followers of Darwin.--Ernst Haeckel, ... 45
Sec.3. Modifications of the Theory.--Moriz Wagner. Wigand, ... 52

CHAPTER III.

PRESENT STATE OF THE DARWINIAN THEORIES.

Sec.1. The Theory of Descent, ... 61
Sec.2. The Theory of Evolution.--Archaeology, Ethnography, Philology, ... 77
Sec.3. The Theory of Selection, ... 100

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BOOK II.
THE PHILOSOPHIC COMPLETIONS AND CONSEQUENCES
OF THE DARWINIAN THEORIES.

The Philosophic Problems, ... 108

CHAPTER I.

THE NATURO-PHILOSOPHIC SUPPLEMENTS OF THE DARWINIAN THEORIES.

Sec.1. The Origin of Self-Consciousness and of Free Moral
Self-Determination, ... 115
Sec.2. The Origin of Sensation and of Consciousness, ... 127
Sec.3. The Origin of Life, ... 132
Sec.4. The Elements of the World; the Theory of Atoms, and the Mechanical
View of the World, ... 140

CHAPTER II.

METAPHYSICAL CONCLUSIONS DRAWN FROM THE DARWINIAN THEORIES.

Sec.1. Elimination of the Idea of Design in the World.--Monism, ... 158

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_PART SECOND:_
_THE POSITION OF THE DARWINIAN THEORIES
IN REFERENCE TO RELIGION AND MORALITY._

BOOK I.
HISTORICAL AND CRITICAL.

Plan of Treatment, ... 185

_A. THE DARWINIAN THEORIES AND RELIGION._

CHAPTER I.

MORE OR LESS NEGATIVE POSITION IN REFERENCE TO RELIGION.

Sec.1. Extreme Negation: L. Buechner and Consistent Materialism, ... 188
Sec.2. Replacement of Religion Through a Religious Worship of the
Universe.--Strauss. Oskar Schmidt. Haeckel, ... 190
Sec.3. Pious Renunciation of the Knowability of God. Wilhelm Bleek. Albert
Lange. Herbert Spencer, ... 193
Sec.4. Spinoza and Hegel in the Garb of Darwin.--Carneri, Ed. von Hartmann,
... 203
Sec.5. Reecho of Negation on the Side of the Christian View of the World,
... 206

CHAPTER II