n any people as
those which have fallen upon the Scots since [the sale of Charles I.];
for, besides the sweeping furious plague that reigned in Edinburgh, and
the incredible number of witches which have increased, and have been
executed there since; besides the sundry shameful defeats they have
received by the English, who carried away more of them prisoners than
they were themselves in number; _besides that many of them died of mere
hunger; besides that they were sold away slaves, at half a crown a
dozen, for foreign plantations among savages_; I say besides all this
chain of judgements, with diverse others, they have quite lost their
reputation among all mankind; some jeer them, some hate them, and none
pity them."--Howell's _German Dict._, p. 65., 1653.

Echard, in _Hist. Eng._, vol. ii. p. 727., speaking of the prisoners taken
at Worcester, says that Cromwell

"marched up triumphantly to London, driving four or five thousand
prisoners like sheep before him; making presents of them, as occasion
offered, as of so many slaves, and selling the rest for that purpose
into the English plantations abroad."

W. DN.

_Lachrymatories._--There is absolutely _no_ authority in any ancient author
for this name, and the best scholars speak of these vessels as _the bottles
usually called lachrymatories_, &c. It would be curious to discover when
the name was first used, and by whom first this absurd use was imagined. It
_[illegible]_ that their _proper_ use was to contain perfumes, scents, and
unguents, as sweet odours to rest with the departed. Becker says:

"Bottles, filled with perfumes, were placed inside the tomb, which was
besprinkled _odoribus_. These are the tear-flasks, or _lachrymatories_,
so often mentioned formerly."--_Gallus_, p. 413. Eng. Tr.

A wasteful use of perfumes at funerals (_sumptuosa respersio_, Cicero de
Legibus, ii. 23.) was forbidden by the Twelve Tables. The eighth verse of
the fifty-sixth Psalm,

"My flight thou numberest: put my tears in thy bottle: stand they not
in thy book?"--_Hengstenberg_, Clarke's Tr. Edinb.

is, I believe, the only evidence that can be brought in favour of the old
opinion; but we surely cannot take the highly figurative language of
Eastern poetry to establish a Roman custom of which we have no hint
elsewhere. This verse admits of a much simpler interpretation; see Arndt,
quoted by Hengstenberg