nd in use among the religious
emblems of the Japanese Buddhists and the lamas of Thibet, and that in
one of the frescoes of Pompeii, published at Paris, 1840, is to be seen,
vol. v., plate 28, the representation of a phallic cross in connection
with two small figures of Hermes.(170)

170) Inman, Ancient Faiths Embodied in Ancient Names, vol. i., p. 408.

The Rev. Mr. Maurice adds his testimony to that of other investigators
to show the universality of this emblem. He says that the principal
pagodas in India, viz., those of Bernares and Mathura, are built in the
form of a cross.

In the museum of the London University is a mummy upon whose breast is a
cross "exactly in the shape of a cross upon Calvary."

The true significance of this emblem, and the reason for its adoration
are not, at the present time, difficult to understand; but whence comes
the symbol of a dead man on a cross, and what is its true meaning?

Perhaps there is no problem connected with ancient symbolism, or
with mythical religion, which is more difficult to solve, than is the
representation of a dying Savior on a cross. It is stated by those
who have investigated this subject, that although the sun, or the
fructifying power within it, was adored by all the historic nations,
no hint of a cross is to be found amongst the most ancient Nature
worshippers. We must then look for a solution of this problem to
those ages in which the higher truths of an older race were partially
forgotten, and to a time when phallic worship had supplanted the
adoration of Light or Wisdom. The cross doubtless came into use as a
religious emblem at a time when the sexes in union began to stand for
the god-idea, the lower end of the upright shaft being transfixed to the
horizontal bar.

As soon as the male energy became god, the cross gradually grew into the
figure of a man with arms extended. It became the original "life
giver," it was Adam, the creator of the race. Doubtless for ages Adam
represented the god-man-phallus-Tree of Life, or cross idea. He was the
progenitor of the race. From this same idea sprang ancestor worship, or
the deification of the past vital spark. The adoration paid to the Lares
and Penates, the household gods of the Romans, on the first of May, is
an example of this worship, as is also the homage paid by the Chinese to
their progenitors.

Of religious emblems R. P. Knight says that one of the most remarkable
among them is a cross in the