ousehold tools, shows the extent to which the idea of female supremacy
in Nature and in the Deity had taken root.

Notwithstanding the efforts which during numberless ages were made to
dethrone the female principle in the god-idea, the Great Mother, under
some one of her various appellations, continued, down to a late period
in the history of the human race, to claim the homage and adoration of a
large portion of the inhabitants of the globe. And so difficult was it,
even after the male element had declared itself supreme, to conceive of
a creative force independently of the female principle, that oftentimes,
during the earlier ages of their attempted separation, great confusion
and obscurity are observed in determining the positions of male deities.
Zeus who in later times came to be worshipped as male was formerly
represented as "the great dyke, the terrible virgin who breathes out on
crime, anger, and death." Grote refers to numerous writers as authority
for the statement that Dionysos, who usually appears in Greece as
masculine, and who was doubtless the Jehovah of the Jews, was indigenous
in Thrace, Phrygia, and Lydia as the Great Mother Cybele. He was
identical with Bacchus, who although represented on various coins as
a "bearded venerable figure" appears with the limbs, features, and
character of a beautiful young woman. Sometimes this Deity is portrayed
with sprouting horns, and again with a crown of ivy. The Phrygian Attis
and the Syrian Adonis, as represented in monuments of ancient art, are
androgynous personifications of the same attributes. According to
the testimony of the geographer Dionysius, the worship of Bacchus was
formerly carried on in the British Islands in exactly the same manner as
it had been in an earlier age in Thrace and on the banks of the Ganges.

In referring to the Idean Zeus in Crete, to Demeter at Eleusis, to
the Cabairi in Samothrace, and Dionysos at Delphi and Thebes, Grote
observes: "That they were all to a great degree analogous, is shown by
the way in which they necessarily run together and become confused in
the minds of various authors."

Concerning Sadi, Sadim, or Shaddai, Higgins remarks:

"Parkhurst tells us it means all-bountiful--the pourer forth of
blessings; among the Heathen, the Dea Multimammia; in fact the Diana of
Ephesus, the Urania of Persia, the Jove of Greece, called by Orpheus the
Mother of the Gods, each male as well as female--the Venus Aphrodite; in
short,